Effects of carbon dioxide absorbent cooling and temperature gradient reduction on water condensation in the anaesthesia circuit G. Hirabayashi, H. Uchino,

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Effects of carbon dioxide absorbent cooling and temperature gradient reduction on water condensation in the anaesthesia circuit G. Hirabayashi, H. Uchino, T. Joko, H. Kaneko, N. Ishii British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 100, Issue 1, Pages 131-136 (January 2008) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem311 Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Photograph of the TGR canister (a), and schematic longitudinal plane of the TGR canister (b). 1, Aluminium canister container with electroless nickel plating; 2, 12 aluminium plates with electroless nickel plating connected to the canister container vertically and radially. Thermosensors were installed at seven sites (A, B1, C1, D1, B2, C2, and D2). A is a point at the canister outlet. B1, C1 and D1 are points 5 mm from the internal surface of the outer rim of the canister, with B1 being near the top of the CO2 absorbent, C1 near the middle, and D1 near the bottom. B2, C2, and D2 are points 20 mm from the outer rim of the canister, corresponding in height to B1, C1, and D1, respectively. To cool the CO2 absorbent, a blower (X) was set outside at a distance of 30 cm from the TGR canister. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 131-136DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem311) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Water condensation in the Fabius™ anaesthesia circuit. Water condensation at the manual reservoir bag, ventilator hose, breathing tube (including inspiratory and expiratory limbs), 3 litre bag (simulated lung), and other sites such as valves, and any other non-detachable components in the anaesthesia circuit was measured. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 131-136DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem311) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Temperature of CO2 absorbent at B1, C1, D1, B2, C2, and D2 in (a) the control, (b) TGR, and (c) TGR cooling groups. Values are shown as means (sd). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 131-136DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem311) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Temperature of canister outflow gas in the control group, TGR group, and TGR cooling group. All values are shown as means (sd). †P<0.05 significant difference compared with the control group. ‡P<0.05 significant difference compared with TGR group. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 131-136DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem311) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Total water condensation in the anaesthesia circuit divided by longevity of the experiment. Water condensation at the manual reservoir bag, breathing tube, 3 litre bag as a simulated lung, ventilator hose, and other sites in the anaesthesia circuit. All values are shown as means (sd) of total water condensation in the anaesthesia circuit divided by longevity of the experiment. †P<0.001 significant difference compared with the control group. ‡P<0.001 significant difference compared with TGR group. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2008 100, 131-136DOI: (10.1093/bja/aem311) Copyright © 2008 British Journal of Anaesthesia Terms and Conditions