Chapter 9 Growth of a Nation

Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans Came to power in the election of 1800 favored a limited central government viewed Jefferson’s victory as one for the common man

Thomas Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C., the nation’s new capital.

Reversing Federalist Policies overturned the Alien and Sedition Acts Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Reversing Federalist Policies overturned the Alien and Sedition Acts opposed a standing army and navy repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801 Many midnight judges never served. challenged several sitting Federalist judges based on political differences

Sought to impeach Federalist judges Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Sought to impeach Federalist judges defeated in his attempt to remove Samuel Chase from the Supreme Court

Jefferson maintained several Federalist policies due to their success. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Jefferson maintained several Federalist policies due to their success.

Conquering the Barbary Pirates Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 Conquering the Barbary Pirates They demanded annual tribute in order to trade in the Mediterranean. They raised the annual tribute and Jefferson refused to pay.

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 “. . . it was written in their Koran, that all nations who should not have answered their authority were sinners, that it was their right and duty to make war upon them wherever they could be found, and to make slaves of all they could take as prisoners.”

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 163-165 The Tripolitan War increased the respect foreign countries had for the United States.

Nearly half of American trade passed through New Orleans. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 Nearly half of American trade passed through New Orleans.

Napoleon was planning a New World empire.

The Louisiana Purchase Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans and East and West Florida from France (led by Napoleon). French foreign minister Talleyrand countered by offering the entire Louisiana Territory.

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation

Benefits of the Louisiana Territory Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 Benefits of the Louisiana Territory nearly doubled the size of the United States added resources (raw materials, minerals, agricultural products) land for Indians

Livingston had gone beyond his original instructions when he bought the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson hesitated briefly before sending the money because the Constitution did not give the power to purchase land for the nation.

Meriwether Lewis- secretary who explored the Missouri River

The Lewis and Clark Expedition purpose Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The Lewis and Clark Expedition purpose make careful studies on the geology, botany, and zoology of the region gather information on natives they met search for the source of the Missouri River

Indian guide and interpreter: Sacagawea accomplishments Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 report on any commercial possibilities seek evidence of British soldiers or forts Indian guide and interpreter: Sacagawea accomplishments discovered countless plants, animals (including the grizzly bear), and Indian tribes spurred interest in the West

First expedition: searched for the source of the Mississippi Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 165-169 The Pike Expedition First expedition: searched for the source of the Mississippi Second expedition: explored Spanish-held territories Explored the Rockies and the Rio Grande

Aaron Burr Vice-president in 1800 Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel Tried to set up an empire in Louisiana and planned on setting up an empire in Mexico Charged with treason, never convicted Died in disgrace

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 Neutral Rights at Sea Great Britain and France were at war and the United States sought to capitalize economically by trading with both.

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 The war developed into a stalemate, so both countries attempted to destroy the other’s economy.

British and French Actions Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 British and French Actions Orders in Council: forbade any neutral nation from trading in Europe without first being inspected by Great Britain

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 Berlin and Milan Decrees: threatened seizure of any neutral ships trading with Great Britain or abiding by the Orders in Council

The Chesapeake and the Leopard Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 The Chesapeake and the Leopard British sailors were deserting and some were joining the U.S. Navy. The H.M.S. Leopard attempted to search the U.S.S. Chesapeake for deserters (impressment) and fired on it when refused. Created tension

Jefferson responded not by war, but through an embargo. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 The Embargo Act of 1807 Jefferson responded not by war, but through an embargo. embargo: a stop on all exports from the United States, prohibited free trade with Europe

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 Non-Intercourse Act partially lifted the embargo and only restricted trade with France and Great Britain

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 Indian Stirrings American settlers in Indiana came under repeated Indian attacks, which they blamed on the English and the Canadians. Actually, Americans had treated the Indians unfairly with treaties that took away Indian land.

William Henry Harrison: “the hero of Tippecanoe” Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 169-172 Tecumseh: organized Indian tribes into a confederation in order to stop America’s westward expansion William Henry Harrison: “the hero of Tippecanoe” Defeated Tecumseh at Tippecanoe

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation

central issues that aroused thoughts of war Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 The War of 1812 central issues that aroused thoughts of war impressment neutral rights at sea British interference with Indians along the American frontier

led by Henry Clay of Kentucky pushed for war with Britain Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Work of the War Hawks led by Henry Clay of Kentucky pushed for war with Britain pushed for a stronger defense

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 The United States declared war on Great Britain two days after Britain suspended its Order in Council. If communication had been better, war would have been avoided.

poor communication networks poor leadership Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 American Handicaps small army and navy lack of funds poor communication networks poor leadership

James Madison was supported during the War of 1812. He won the reelection in 1812.

Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812 attacked Canada Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812 attacked Canada lost much of the Northwest Territory had success at sea U.S.S. Constitution United States Niagara

Fighting for the Great Lakes: The War in 1813 Oliver Hazard Perry Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Fighting for the Great Lakes: The War in 1813 Oliver Hazard Perry built a naval base on Lake Erie forced the British from the Great Lakes Wrote, “We have met the enemy, and they are ours!” drove the British out the Northwest

Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 the Northeast: British defeated at Plattsburg, NY Chesapeake Bay The British captured and burned Washington, D. C. The British were unable to take Fort McHenry. Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner."

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 New Orleans Andrew Jackson: led the American forces in the South and hero of the Battle of New Orleans Battle of New Orleans: biggest American victory of the war (fought after the war had officially ended)

The American delegation was led by John Quincy Adams. Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 The Treaty of Ghent, 1814 The American delegation was led by John Quincy Adams. The Treaty of Christmas Eve Ended the War of 1812

Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 The treaty failed to settle the key issue over which the war had been fought—neutral rights at sea, but established special commissions to settle future disputes.

gained international respect Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 Results of the War of 1812 gained international respect inspired a sense of nationalism, pride and patriotism for America created new national heroes developed much of their own industry

ended conflict between France and Britain Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp. 173-177 ended conflict between France and Britain affected both political parties Federalist party died out. The Democratic-Republicans began favoring a strong federal government.