Comparative Civilizations 12 Ms. Razzell & Ms. Leslie Early Humans Comparative Civilizations 12 Ms. Razzell & Ms. Leslie

Dinosaurs died out about 65 millions years ago The first hominids appeared about 3.6 millions years ago Hominids are the family of mankind and his or her relatives.

apes vs man. Human-like hominids could stand upright. Apes could not. Their hands were different, too. Ape hands were made for climbing and clinging. Early man's hands were jointed differently, which allowed them to not only use tools, but to make tools.

Paleolithic Ended 12,000 years ago Stone tools Spear, bow and arrow, harpoon Hunting and gathering Bands of 25-100 people according to hunting parties

Mesolithic Ended 10,000 years ago Hand made tools Bow and arrow Boats Hunting and Gathering and Domestication of animals Nomadic lifestyle Tribal society Last Ice Age

Neolithic 7,000 years ago Farming – ploughs, yokes, reapers Pottery Beginnings of civilization in farmsteads Chiefdoms Animal skin clothing Linen in some areas

Chalcolithic - Copper Age Part of Neolithic First appearance of metal tools Blends in with the bronze age as tin was added quickly

Bronze Age 3,000-1,200 BCE Copper and bronze tools Potter’s wheel Agriculture – cattle breeding Crafts – trade Formation of cities Creation of states Swords, chariots

Iron Age 1,200 – 550 BCE Happens at different times around the world Metal tools made from Iron Religion emerges as a powerful force

Australopithecus "Southern Ape" 3.6 to 1.8 million BCE Found in east-north Africa The brains roughly 35% of the size of a modern human brain. usually standing between 4 to 4.5 feet tall Omnivore

Lucy In 1974, a skeleton was found in Africa. The bones were those of young female, approximately 20 years old when she died. she was rather short, about 4 feet tall, and probably weighed about 50 pounds. Her brain was about the size of an orange.

Her bones showed she probably walked erect, although she still had the ability to climb trees easily. There were no signs of broken bones or teeth marks that might show why she died. Scientists suspect that she probably fell into a lake or river and drowned.

Homo Habilis "Handy Man" 2.5 million years ago As far as we know, true humans first appeared in Africa.

Man had to get smart to survive. The Homo habilis man is credited with creating basic stone tools to help live more comfortably, and to better protect themselves against the many carnivore animals of the time.

Homo habilis were taller than their ancestors, the human-like primates (Lucy's people), and had larger brains. They followed food sources, and set up camp as needed. They sheltered under cliffs, whenever possible. Their main diet was probably fruits, roots, nuts and vegetables that they found growing wild.

Homo Habilis and fire they did not have fire-making skills, they had to wait until they found something burning from natural causes, set aflame, for example, from a lightening strike.

Remains of their campfires have been found and dated. Scientists have found stone tools at these sites Animal bones have been found, as well. they indicate that Homo habilis man hunted game and/or scavenged fat-rich marrow from bones. These remains also tell us that Homo habilis probably did not stay in one place very long, but were always on the move, in search of food.

Types of stone tools Flaked stone tools

Pecked Stone Tools Ground Stone Tools The pecked stone technique involves using a hammerstone to pound the object in to the desired shape. Ground Stone Tools the craftsman rubs an abrasive stone, such as sandstone

To be continued..