The effects of proprioceptive stimulation on cognitive processes in patients after traumatic brain injury Sandra V. Müller, PhD, Amelie Jarosch von Schweder,

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The effects of proprioceptive stimulation on cognitive processes in patients after traumatic brain injury Sandra V. Müller, PhD, Amelie Jarosch von Schweder, Bernd Frank, MD, Reinhard Dengler, MD, Thomas F. Münte, MD, Sóuke Johannes, MD Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Volume 83, Issue 1, Pages 115-121 (January 2002) DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2002.27472 Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Grand average passive vibration ERPs for (A) patients and (B) controls for all electrodes. Patients and control subjects produced nearly identical patterns of the late negative component. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 115-121DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27472) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 (A) The percentage of correct detection responses made during a time window 200 to 1200ms after target stimuli for each experimental group. (B) Corresponding d’ values. (C) Reaction times (in ms). NOTE. Error bars show standard errors of the mean. Legend: 1, unmasked stimuli without vibration; 2, masked stimuli without vibration; 3, unmasked stimuli with vibration; 4, masked stimuli with vibration; ▩, experimental group; ■, patient group. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 115-121DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27472) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Grand average ERPs at Pz to the all targets in the 2 choice–reaction-time tasks in (A) patients and (B) controls without and with vibration are shown. Vibration led to changes in onset and offset of the P300 in patient and control groups. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 115-121DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27472) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Grand average ERPs to the all targets in the 2 choice–reaction time tasks with vibration in patients and controls are shown. Vibration while working at a 2 choice–reaction-time task sped up the offset of the P300 in the patient group, but not in the control group. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2002 83, 115-121DOI: (10.1053/apmr.2002.27472) Copyright © 2002 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Terms and Conditions