Schematic diagram of the potential psychophysiological mechanism of perception of breathlessness in obese adults with dyspnoea on exertion. 1: increased.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Physiological changes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients which occur in response to pregnancy. Physiological changes in pulmonary arterial.

Advertisements

Quit rate (7-day point prevalence) for long-term nicotine replacement therapy users in the varenicline and placebo groups from weeks 2 to 52, verified.

Flow diagram summarising the most important effects of biochemical (left) and mechanical (right) pregnancy-induced factors on pulmonary function, ventilatory.

Recommended algorithm for high-flow nasal cannula use in acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure in immunocompetent or immunocompromised patients. #: arterial.

Schematic representation of the potential clinical courses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Schematic representation of the potential clinical courses.

The effect of sequential addition of sildenafil to first-line epoprostenol on exercise capacity measured using 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in the PACES.

Plexiform lesion from a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension demonstrating the exuberant proliferation of cells that comprise the lumen of the small.

Level of physical activity by Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage, BODE (body mass index, FEV1 for airflow obstruction, dyspnoea,

Forest plot showing the number of adults (at the top) and children (lower down) who were admitted to hospital after treatment in the emergency department.

Treatment algorithm for managing chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), from the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society.

Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival over 2 years of treatment with riociguat in the CHEST-2 study [54]. Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival over 2 years of.

Representative diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) tracings at rest (a and b) and during maximum voluntary ventilation (c and d) in a healthy subject (a and.

Patterns of p53 mutations according to smoking habits in a) all lung cancers minus nonsmokers (n = 1,289), b) smokers with lung cancer (n = 419), c) nonsmokers.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing of a patient with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension showing fields 4, 6 and 9 of the Wasserman panel. a) Elevated.

Probability of death as a function of the number of months after randomisation in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial comparing medical therapy (––––)

Difference of oxygen uptake efficiency (OUE; oxygen uptake (V′O2)/minute ventilation (V′E)) plateau between a typical pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in relation to active smoking, stratified by age. □: nonsmokers; ▒: 1–10 cigarettes per day; ░: 11–20 cigarettes per day;

3-year survival of lung cancer patients in the general population and in those with a prior diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple drawing. Evaluation of cognitive performance based on the ability to copy a simple.

Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance by country and antibiotic

Effect of intravenous furosemide in a pulmonary arterial hypertension patient admitted with overt right heart failure documented by echo-Doppler of the.

The projected numbers of tobacco-related deaths between 2000–2035 in millions for a) the world and b) medium- and low-income countries (top) and high-income.

Forest plot comparison of mucolytics versus placebo for the number of exacerbations per patient per month. Forest plot comparison of mucolytics versus.

Elastic staining of paraffin-embedded lung tissue.

Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio in subjects aged >50 yrs. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory.

The changing distribution of endothelin (ET)A and ETB subtypes with decreasing vessel diameter. a) ET-1 binding and b) distribution of ETA and ETB receptors.

Mean change from baseline in 6-min walking distance (6MWD) in the Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Soluble Guanylate Cyclase–Stimulator Trial.

Algorithm for the assessment of fitness to fly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Algorithm for the assessment of fitness to fly in chronic.

Survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension based on aetiology. •: congenital heart disease; ▪: collagen vascular disease; ▵: HIV-related;

Right ventricular (RV) pressure–volume loops at decreasing venous return in a patient with a) systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the history of chronic cough/phlegm. Incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Proportion of patients in each World Health Organization functional class (WHO-FC) at the time of pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated systemic sclerosis.

Exertional dyspnoea intensity is shown relative to a) work rate and b) diaphragm electromyography relative to maximum (EMGdi/EMGdi,max) during incremental.

Tobacco smoking as a second order schedule of reinforcement.

Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide removal in the membrane lung

Management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) from diagnosis to integrated care to modify health trajectories. Management of patients.

Distribution of mutations in sporadic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and/or pulmonary capillary.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine (▒) and placebo (░) on vital capacity (VC) and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DL,CO) depending on baseline.

Change in physiological variables from baseline values a) at rest and b) during exercise after saline infusion and exposition to different β-blocker agents.

Exposure to intermittent hypoxia after 13 nights led to an increase in sympathetic activity measured by muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). Exposure.

Typical example of posterior–anterior scans of the lungs after inhaling Technegas on day 1 (control; a) and after increasing doses of methacholine (b–d).

Pathophysiology of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS).

Survival of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients in World Health Organization functional class (FC) at baseline IV is extremely poor.

Kaplan–Meier plots for a) clinical worsening and b) survival in the overall population during the Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Soluble.

Cumulative mortality over 60 months in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency and an initial forced expiratory volume in 1 s

A) Inspiratory capacity (IC) in asthmatics with (n=13) and without (n=7) expiratory flow limitation (EFL) at various levels of exercise, expressed as a.

Cardiac index (CI) changes from baseline following single oral doses of riociguat (○) 1 mg and 2.5 mg compared with inhaled nitric oxide (•) in patients.

Distribution of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) in relation to functional class (FC) for congenital heart disease patients with a) atrial septal.

Schematic diagram of the shared subgroups between asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Schematic diagram of the shared subgroups between.

Effect of omalizumab (n = 209) on a) clinically significant and b) severe exacerbation rates, compared with placebo (n = 210). #: adjustment due to a pre-study.

Correlation between inspiratory capacity (IC)/total lung capacity (TLC) ratio and oxygen pulse at peak exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Adjusted mean±se response in peak forced expiratory volume in 1 s within 3 h post-dosing (peak FEV10–3h) at week 24, following once-daily tiotropium Respimat.

Survival rates in older (>65 years) compared with younger (18–65 years) patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. a) Expected ( )

A) Tidal volume (VT) plotted as a function of ventilation (V′E), and b) exertional dyspnoea intensity (in Borg scale units) plotted as a function of inspiratory.

The European population from 1950 to 2050, with estimated population before 2006 (light background) and projected population (dark background). The European.

Examples of ventilatory efficiency slope (minute ventilation (V′E)/carbon dioxide production (V′CO2) slope) in a healthy subject (green line) and a patient.

Effect of pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatment on systemic inflammation. a) Kaplan–Meyer survival curves for patients normalising their C-reactive.

Distribution and change of the underlying disease in patients discharged with home mechanical ventilation (n = 854). ♦: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;

24-h blood pressure profile after a, d) one night of intermittent hypoxia (IH) exposure, b, e) 13 nights IH exposure and c, f) 5 days after cessation of.

Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary hypertension (PH) subjects. Pulmonary artery pressure in a) healthy subjects and b) pulmonary.

Mean change from baseline in percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) in the a) phase III CAPACITY [27] and b) ASCEND [14] studies. #: n=174; ¶:

A–f) Diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) and selected ventilatory and indirect gas exchange responses to incremental cycle exercise test in patients with.

Drugs that target the prostacyclin pathway and their routes of administration. #: approved only by the US Food and Drug Administration; ¶: approved only.

Baseline New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC) predicts survival in patients with pulmonary hypertension using infused epoprostenol therapy.

Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of a representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient with different degrees.

Flow–volume loops of test breaths and preceding control breaths of three representative chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with different degrees.

Diagnostic algorithm for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Correlation between leg fluid volume (LFV) displacement measured by electrical impedance and apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) in non-obese obstructive sleep.

Cardiac index (CI) changes from baseline following single oral doses of riociguat (Rio) compared with inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in patients with chronic.

Effect of placebo (n=88) and bosentan (n=80) on the co-primary end-point pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the EARLY (Endothelial Antagonist Trial.

Presentation transcript:

Schematic diagram of the potential psychophysiological mechanism of perception of breathlessness in obese adults with dyspnoea on exertion. 1: increased afferent feedback; 2: increased corollary discharge from the respiratory control centre; 3: decreased ga... Schematic diagram of the potential psychophysiological mechanism of perception of breathlessness in obese adults with dyspnoea on exertion. 1: increased afferent feedback; 2: increased corollary discharge from the respiratory control centre; 3: decreased gating threshold for sensory transmission; 4: decreased or increased input from gating modifiers. V′O2: oxygen uptake; PaCO2: arterial carbon dioxide tension. Reproduced from [24] with permission from the publisher. Vipa Bernhardt, and Tony G. Babb Eur Respir Rev 2016;25:487-495 ©2016 by European Respiratory Society