Organic Molecules.

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Molecules

Lipids

Lipid Structure 1 2 Fats, Oils, Waxes Monomer: Fatty Acid Polymer: Lipid Phospholipid Stucture (3 parts): “Head” of glycerol & phosphate(polar) “Tail” of 2 fatty acids (non-polar) Make up the cell membrane Lipids & Proteins compose the cell membrane Phospholipid 1 2

Lipid Structure Triglyceride: Structure (2 parts) Function Glycerol molecule Triglyceride: Structure (2 parts) “head” = glycerol “Tail” = 3 fatty acids Function Provide Energy for cells Insulation Cholesterol: Gives cell membrane flexibility

Saturated Fats Fats and oils have different types of fatty acids. Long chain of C-C bonds (all single bonds) Each C is “saturated” with H atoms Single bonds are easier to compact = solid at room temps Very common in animal fats think

Butter is made from cow milk Lard is pig fat

Unsaturated Fats Long chain of C-C bonds (some double bonds) Prevent H from attaching make “kinks”, which are not easily compacted = Liquid at room temps Plant fats think

Normally, blood flows freely through a vein Blood vein RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC

Too much saturated fats… Blood vein RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC RBC Reduced circulation… Blood clots… High blood pressure Cholesterol & saturated fats

Cholesterol levels

Which has more H? 18 16

Review What are the three parts of a phospholipid? Which part(s) is/are the “head”? Which part are the “tails”? What are the two parts of a triglyceride? How do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ? Which lipid gives cells their flexibility? Why are saturated fats less healthy?

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build protein 2 types DNA RNA Made up of smaller units called nucleotides monomer = nucleotide Polymer = nucleic acid

Nucleotides are made of three parts: a sugar phosphate group nitrogen base. - Adenine (A) - Thymine (T) - Guanine (G) - Cytosine (C) A phosphate group nitrogen-containing molecule, called a base deoxyribose (sugar)

Monomers link to make polymers Monomers link to make polymers! Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acid! These are the instructions for the cell to make protein.

Nucleotides? How many

DNA Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides DNA bases: Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine A pairs with T C pairs with G DNA stores the info required to make a protein Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein

Predict the nucleotides to fill in this DNA chain

RNA 1 chain of nucleotides RNA bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine Copy the DNA code… deliver code to ribosome to create a protein

Recap Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix, Nitrogen base Name the monomer of nucleic acids. How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA? Name the three parts to a nucleotide. What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond with? If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the attached DNA strand read? How are DNA and RNA different? Same?