Civics and Economics Goal 6 Review
History of Law Legal Code: defines laws, explains the way laws are administered and the punishments for breaking those laws. Moral Code: duties and rights of a person as an individual Code of Hammurabi: earliest form of written law, 1700 BCE
History of Law Draconian Laws: associate these with harsh punishments Justinian Code: compiled by Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor Landmark English Documents Magna Carta: Great Charter, 1215, limits the power of the monarch, provides beginning of rights for citizens English Bill of Rights British Common Law (custom, not passed by legislature but based on tradition and court decisions)
Iroquois Nation’s Constitution Constitution created between 1100 and 1600s Iroquois Confederacy—League of Peace and Power Just know that it was a very early form of governmental organization in North America
Development of Law in the U.S. House of Burgesses: first legislature in the colonies Mayflower Compact: signed by Pilgrims before landing in America, example of direct democracy Declaration of Independence Constitution of the United States
Types of Laws Statutory Law: created by governing authority, written by legislature Constitutional Law: Law written in the US Constitution Criminal Law: Penal Law, punishes for committing offences against the state. Civil Law: Regulation of private relationships among individuals and organizations. Property, Money
Types of Laws Administrative Law: regulations, rules, order, decisions, for the purpose of administrative agencies. International Law: Rules and principles that cover the relationships between nations or between persons and organizations in different nations.
Lobbying Lobbying: the practice of private advocacy to ensure that a point of view is heard by and supported by the government. Lobbyist: paid to influence legislation Special Interest Groups Economic Interests Public Interests Think Tanks Chambers of Commerce
Law Enforcement Regulatory Commissions Consumer protection…government regulation to protect the needs of consumers Public Safety Working Conditions Food Implementation and Enforcement of Law Department of Justice (Executive Branch, Federal Law) United States Secret Service United States National Guard FBI Part of the Department of Justice Police for Federal Government Investigative Branch
Knowing the Law “Ignorance of the law is no excuse.” Stay Informed: Town meetings, public forums and hearings Mass Media, Press Releases Franking Privilege (What does this have to do with staying informed???) Political Debate
Addressing Criminal Behavior Repeated criminal behavior is called recidivism. Theories about Punishment: Retribution: Pay for Mistake Deterrence: Others will see painful consequences of deviant behavior Rehabilitation: reeducation
Addressing Criminal Behavior Types of punishment: Incarceration: Jail/Prison sentence Mental Institutions for those who are found to be mentally ill. Monetary Compensation: Payment of money or the return of property or Fines Parole—supervised release of a prisoner before his or her sentence is finished.
Addressing Criminal Behavior Types of Punishment cont… Probation: conditional suspension of a prison or jail sentence for a fixed period of time. House Arrest Suspension: ex. Drivers License Detention: ex. Juvenile Detention Programs Capital Punishment: Death Penalty