Carbon atom C X 2 , 4 6 X atomic number so six electrons X X X X X X.

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Presentation transcript:

carbon atom C X 2 , 4 6 X atomic number so six electrons X X X X X X

lithium atom Li X 2 , 1 3 X atomic number so three electrons X X X

Na sodium atom 2 , 8 , 1 11 X X X atomic number so eleven electrons X X X X X X X X X X X

Ca calcium atom 2 , 8 , 8 , 2 20 X X X X atomic number so twenty electrons X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

2+ Ca calcium ion 2+ [ ] 2 , 8 , 8 20 2+ X X atomic number X [ ] 2 , 8 , 8 20 X atomic number X positive ion so 20-2 electrons = 18 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

2+ Mg magnesium ion 2+ [ ] 2 , 8 12 2+ X atomic number X positive ion [ ] 2 , 8 12 X atomic number X positive ion so 12-2 electrons = 10 X X X X X X X X X X

- Cl chloride ion - [ ] 2 , 8 , 8 17 - X atomic number X X [ ] 2 , 8 , 8 17 X atomic number X negative ion so 17+1 electrons = 18 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

O oxide ion 2- 2- [ ] 2 , 8 8 2- X atomic number X negative ion [ ] 2 , 8 8 X atomic number X negative ion so 8+2 electrons = 10 X X X X X X X X X X

electron shells (atom)

electron shells (ion)

References Steve Lewis for the Royal Society of Chemistry