2nd Quarter Final Exam Study Guide

Final Exam 7:40 – 8:35 Period 1 Advisory 55 min 8:39 – 9:59 Period 7 Wednesday, Dec 18 Thursday, Dec 19 7:40 – 8:35 Period 1 Advisory 55 min 8:39 – 9:59 Period 7 Final 80 min 10:03 – 11:23 Period 2 11:27 – 12:47 Period 3 12:47 – 1:17 Lunch 30 min 1:23 – 1:39 Period 8 Advisory 16 min 7:40 – 7:57 Period 1 Advisory 17 min 8:01 – 9:21 Period 4 Final 80 min 9:25 – 10:45 Period 5 10:49 – 12:09 Period 6 12:09 – 12:39 Lunch 30 min

Final Exam Exam will be in four parts, 20 questions each (80 total, all multiple choice) Part 1: The Atmosphere Part 2: Weather Factors Part 3: Weather Patterns Part 4: Stars & Galaxies Questions will be similar to, but not the same, as your quizzes Each part counts as a quiz retake, but will not lower your grade

The Atmosphere Study all assignments & notes Composition of the atmosphere What is the most abundant gas in out atmosphere? What is the 2nd most abundant gas? Know other important trace gases in our atmosphere (CO2, O3, H2O) Know about particles in atmosphere, why are they important (2 main reasons) How does the atmosphere allow for life on planet Earth?

The Atmosphere Know the three major properties of air Mass, density, pressure What is air pressure? How is air pressure measured in weather reports? (inches of mercury, in Hg) How is air pressure measured on weather maps? (millibars, 1000 bars, mb) What type of instrument measures air pressure? What does altitude mean? What happens to air density with increased altitude? What happens to air pressure with increased altitude?

The Atmosphere Know the four major layers of the atmosphere, and what order they are in What makes each layer different (temperature, density, pressure) Troposphere (where we live) Turbulent, chaotic, always changing layer. Where does most weather occur? Which layer is lowest in altitude? Which layer has the highest air density and air pressure? Stratosphere Calm layer with little weather Do we travel in the stratosphere? (jet planes, weather balloons) Ozone Layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation (UV)

The Atmosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Most meteors and falling satellites burn up in this layer from heat caused by air friction Thermosphere Layer with highest altitude Ionosphere: lower part, charged gas particles interact with charged solar particles to form auroras Exosphere: higher part, blends into space gradually, no clearly defined boundary

The Atmosphere What are pollutants? (harmful gases or particles in the air, water, or soil) What are two major sources of pollution? (nature and human activities) What is smog? What is acid rain?

Weather Factors Know the three type of heat (energy) transfer Where does our atmosphere get its energy from to drive the weather? What type of heat transfer gets energy from the Sun to Earth’s atmosphere? How does it travel through space? Know about electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum What types of energy are part of the EM spectrum? What is visible radiation? What two types of non-visible radiation affect us every day?

Weather Factors What happens to the Sun’s energy as it enters Earth’s atmosphere? Some is reflected back into space Some is absorbed by the atmosphere Some is absorbed by Earth’s surface, and then radiated back into atmosphere at night What is the greenhouse effect?

Weather Factors What is wind? How does differences in air pressure affect the wind? What instrument do we use to measure the wind? What is the wind chill factor? Explain local winds using the examples of land breezes and sea/lake breezes

Weather Factors Understand the global convection currents that affect global winds Calm areas: doldrums, horse latitudes Wind belts: trades, westerlies, easterlies Understand the Coriolis Effect What is the jet stream?

Weather Factors Understand the water cycle. How does water move between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface? What is evaporation? What is condensation? What is humidity? What is relative humidity? What instrument do we use to measure humidity? How do clouds form? (involves cooling and particles) What is the dew point?

Weather Factors How do we classify clouds? Shape: cirrus, cumulus, stratus Altitude: low, middle, high Fog What is precipitation? Name major types of precipitation.

Weather Patterns Know the five major types of air masses Maritime tropical Maritime polar Continental tropical Continental polar Continental arctic Why do most air masses in the US move to the East, but hurricanes move to the West?

Weather Patterns Know what a front is, and the four major types Cold front, warm front, stationary front, occluded front What type of weather do cold fronts often bring? What are highs (H) and lows (L) on weather maps? How do highs and lows relate to cyclones? What is the difference between a cyclone and a cyclonic storm?

Weather Patterns What is a thunderstorm? How is it different from other rain cloud systems? What is a tornado? Where do tornados form? Understand tornado safety Why do so many tornados form in Tornado Alley? (has to do with moving air masses) What is a hurricane? Where do hurricanes form, and where do they move?