Figure 3 Hypothesized cellular and molecular crosstalk influencing NMO/SD Hypothesized cellular and molecular crosstalk influencing NMO/SD (A) Theoretical.

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Figure 3 Hypothesized cellular and molecular crosstalk influencing NMO/SD Hypothesized cellular and molecular crosstalk influencing NMO/SD (A) Theoretical proinflammatory interactions that arise from loss of immune tolerance, which may promote the onset or progression of neuromyelitis optica/spectrum disorder (NMO/SD). (B) Theoretical anti-inflammatory interactions that arise and could be amenable to therapeutic intervention in restoring immune tolerance in NMO/SD. (Cellular) APC = antigen-presenting cell; Bc = B cell; Tc = T cell; (cell surface determinants) CD = class designation; MHC = major histocompatibility complex; (soluble) BAFF = B cell activating factor; IL = interleukin; IL-18BP = IL-18 binding protein; sIL-1R = soluble IL-1 receptor; sTNFR = soluble tumor necrosis factor α receptor. Larry Steinman et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2016;3:e276 © 2016 American Academy of Neurology