Why do they arise between states around the world? Boundary Conflicts Why do they arise between states around the world?

Possible reasons for boundary/ territorial conflicts Resources Ethnicity Nationalism Idealism Culture Religion What others?

Kashmir (India/Pakistan) Independence from Britain 1947- partition plan let Kashmir decide ascension, leader chose India 2 wars + other violent conflicts Insurgents want independence or Pakistani admin Kashmir 60% Muslim (India- Hindu majority) India accuses Pakistan of fueling insurgency

South China Sea Potential deposits of oil, natural gas Important international trade route More next time….

Falklands (UK/Argentina) UK ruled for 150 yrs Argentina (calls them Malvinas) says inherited them from Spain, 1800s (also, geography) Argentina invades 1982 10-wk war Argentina surrender 2013- referendum- voted to stay

DMZ between N & S Korea

Ongoing Territorial Disputes https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2070.html

Welcome to Ugeria! Ugeria has been a colony of a distant country for the past 143 years. Two ethnic groups populate the area in large numbers. In 18 months the colonial power will grant sovereignty to Ugeria. A United Nations commission will meet with representatives from the ethnic groups to decide if Ugeria should remain a single political entity or become two or more separate countries. Ethnic Group "A" Characteristics makes up 72 percent of Ugeria's population; is largely secular; desires a democratic political system; averages high annual wages; has developed minerals, harbors, oil fields, fishing grounds; has a 93 percent literacy rate; has a 65 percent urban population; and presently doubles its population every 87 years. Ethnic Group "B" Characteristics makes up 28 percent of Ugeria's population; "fundamentalist approach" to their religion; desires a theocratic political system; averages low annual wages; has developed hydroelectric power as its primary energy resource; has a 19 percent literacy rate; has a 12 percent urban population; and doubles its population every 35 years. Instructions: In your groups you will take on a role: representative from ethnic group “A”, representative from ethnic group “B”, or a UN commissioner. Study the maps and seek a solution to the conflicts that may arise. Differences in the two ethnic groups and their spatial distribution in Ugeria may cause trouble. If a boundary creating two new countries is created, you should draw it on the map. You must make a note of the reasons for your decisions

Reporting Back What decision did you come to? How did you justify? What role did geographic; political; cultural; economic factors play in your decision? Class consensus?