RNA and Transcription

Ribonucleic Acid Single nucleotide strand Sugar: Ribose

Ribonucleic Acid Single nucleotide strand Sugar: Ribose 4 Bases: A: Adenine G: Guanine C: Cytosine U: Uracil U replaces T Three Types of RNA

Messenger RNA Nucleus Ribosome mRNA Function: Copies the DNA code and moves to a ribosome Allows ribosome to create a protein Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome

Transfer RNA Amino acid Proline Amino acid Serine Amino acid Leucine Ribosome tRNA Function: Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome Ribosome will link amino acids together to form a protein Location: Cytoplasm

Ribosomal RNA rRNA Function: components of ribosomes

Transcription A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA helix

Transcription A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T U A A T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match with the DNA Reminder: U replaces T

Transcription A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T U A c T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA Step 3: RNA breaks free

Transcription U A c g U C A G u c g U C A G A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA Step 4: RNA processing takes place Introns (unused portions) removed Exons (used portions) bond together Key: Uppercase = Exons Lowercase = introns

Transcription U A U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A U C A G U C A G A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA Step 4: RNA processing takes place Introns (unused portions) removed Exons (used portions) bond together Key: Uppercase = Exons Lowercase = introns

Transcription U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA Step 5: Final RNA strand travels to ribosome

Let’s go find the RNA that exited… Transcription A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again Let’s go find the RNA that exited…

Still inside the nucleus… Nothing yet… lets keep looking

This mRNA will exit the nucleus and enter into the cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A This mRNA will exit the nucleus and enter into the cytoplasm

Cytoplasm Ribosome U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A Now that the ribosome has the proper instructions, it can begin to create a protein. Translation: the process of a ribosome building a protein

Transcription Animation

Transcription Video

DNA vs. RNA Double Stranded Sugar: Deoxyribose Bases: A T C G Location: Nucleus Single strand Sugar: Ribose Bases: A U C G Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm

Quiz Name three different ways that DNA and RNA differ. Which RNA: is found inside the nucleus? transports amino acids to the ribosome? exits the nucleus to the ribosome? copies the DNA code? makes up the structure of ribosomes? What is the function of a ribosome? Which process creates RNA? Which process creates proteins? Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created. T A C C G T A C A A T G G G A T C