World War Looms Ch 16 Notes

Rise of Nationalism (Again) Democratic governments begin falling Leads to the rise of Dictators Hitler: Germany Mussolini: Italy Franco: Spain

Stalin Transforms Russia Moves from a rural nation to an industrial power through collectivization 5-Year Plans (1928) State controlled all economic activity 1937 was second largest industrial power Murdered 8-13 million Russians Millions more die from famines

Rise of Mussolini (Il Duce) High unemployment, strikes, inflation Plays on fear of communism, and national pride The King makes him head of the government Creates a Fascist State: State is more important than the individual Looked to re-create the Roman Empire

Rise Of Hitler (Der Führer) Joins Nazis after WWI Writes Mein Kampf in prison Promised to bring Germany out of Chaos Dream: Unite all German speaking countries into one nation Blue-eyed blonde haired Aryans were the master race

Depression brings Nazis into power Out of work joined Hitler’s “storm troopers” (brown shirts) 1932 Nazis are most powerful group in Germany, Hitler elected Chancellor Ends the Weimar Republic creating the Third Reich

War Breaks Out (2) Hitler takes Austria (spoke German) Hitler takes the Sudetenland France and Britain pledge to defend Czechoslovakia Munich Agreement: Germany would take no more land (9/30/1938) Appeasement

Germany invades Poland (9/1/1939) (Blitzkrieg) Germany signs Non-aggression Pact with Soviet Union (8/23/1939) Germany invades Poland (9/1/1939) (Blitzkrieg) Britain and France Declare War (9/3/1939)

Stalin begins annexing the Baltic Countries, then takes Finland. Before the end of May 1940, Hitler had control of Denmark, Luxembourg, Belgium, Norway, and the Netherlands. 330,000 British and French trapped at Dunkirk, rescued by fishing vessels, etc… France surrenders in about 1 month. Battle of Britain begins! One year of bombing, GB never surrenders

Holocaust (3) 4/7/33 all non-Aryans removed from government Begins targeting Jews 11/9-10-1938 Kristallnacht Jews had no place to move The Final Solution = Genocide

Condemned Groups Jews Gypsies Freemasons Jehovah’s Witnesses Homosexuals Physically and Mentally Disabled

Relocated to concentration/death camps Would die through all different means Torture (drowning, starvation, isolation, medical experiments) Overwork Beatings Executions Mass Extermination (Poison Gas)