Growth and Development Seven Life Stages

Growth and Development - Infancy—birth to one year PHYSICAL most rapid changes in physical growth Development occur during the first year of life. By the end of the first year of life , weight has usually tripled to 18-24 lbs Reflexes allow the infant to respond to the environment

Moro or startle-reflex to loud noise or Sudden movement. Reflexes Moro or startle-reflex to loud noise or Sudden movement. Rooting reflex: which is commonly called the sucking reflex. Grasp reflex

Rooting Reflex

By age 6 months, infants understand some words and make basic sounds Mental Development Mental Development: Newborns respond to discomforts such as pain, cold or hunger by crying By age 6 months, infants understand some words and make basic sounds By 12 months some understand and use single words in their vocabularies

Emotional Development Social Development Begins around 4 months of age, infants recognize their care takers By 12 months of age their affection for others is evident Emotional Development By 8 months they cry when separated from caretaker

Early Childhood 1 to 6 years PHYSICAL Age 6 averages 45 lbs Skeletal and muscle development helps the child assume a more adult appearance. Muscle coordination allows child to run , climb and move freely. Between 2 and 4 years of age most children learn bladder and bowel control.

Early Childhood 1 to 6 years MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Vocabulary increases greatly. Make decisions on experience, not just trail & error SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT In early years children have strong attachment to their parents or to the individuals who provides their care and they fear any separation. Playing alongside other children is more common than playing with other children

Early Childhood 1-6 years EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Ages 1-2 develop self-awareness and recognize the effect they have on other people. Children feel impatience and frustrations as they try to do things beyond their abilities. Anger often is in the form of temper tantrums. By age 4-6 children begin to gain more control over their emotions. Age 6 most show less anxiety when faced with new experiences.

Late Childhood 6 to 12 years Also known as pre-adolescence PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Physical Development: Weight gain averages 5-7 lbs a year and height usually increases 2-3 inches per year. Muscle coordination is well developed and children can engage in physical activities that require complex motor sensory coordination. During this age, most of the primary teeth are lost

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Rapid learning takes place, child learns to read and solve problems SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Child prefers to socialize in groups of same gender. Still close to family members EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT The child continues to achieve a greater independence and a more distinct personality. At age 6, children are often frightened and uncertain as they begin school. Gradually fears are replaced by the ability to cope.

Adolescence – Ages 12 to 20 Often a traumatic life stage PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Physical changes occur more dramatically in the early period. A sudden growth spurt can cause rapid increases in height and weight. Development of secondary sex characteristics, puberty occurs MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Mental development involves an increase in knowledge and a sharpening of skills.. Learn to make decisions and to accept responsibility for their action. Sometimes in conflict as they treated as adults & children

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Usually spend less time with family and more time with friends & peer groups Need reassurance and support from peers. Problems often development if social needs are in conflict- anorexia, suicide, chemical abuse, mental health issues .

EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Often stormy and in conflict. Trying to establish independence They worry about their appearance, they are often uncertain and feel inadequate and insecure. Towards end of period, they gain control of their feelings and become more mature emotionally.

Early Adulthood – Ages 20 to 40 Frequently the most productive life stage. PHYSICAL Physical development is basically complete, muscles are well developed and strong, and motor coordination is at its peak. MENTAL Many young adults pursue additional education Make career choices, select marital partner, starts family Able to make many decisions and form judgements

EMOTIONAL usually involves preserving the stability established during previous stages Take responsibility for actions & learn to accept criticism SOCIAL Frequently involves moving away from the peer group, and instead associate with others who have similar ambitions and interests , regardless of age.

Middle Adulthood – Ages 40 to 65 Frequently called middle age PHYSICAL Changes begin to take place, hair starts to gray, skin wrinkle, muscle tone decreases, eye sight and hearing decline, females experience menopause, males experience declining hormone levels MENTAL Mental ability can actually increase. Have aquired an understanding of life and can be very analytical Learned to make many decisions and handle stress

EMOTIONAL Loss of job, fear of aging, loss of youth and vitality, illness, marital problems, or problems with children or aging parent Middle age can be a period of contentment and satisfaction or it can be a time of crisis Family relationships may see a decline as children begin lives of their own and parents die. Divorce rates are high in this age group

Late Adulthood 65 + Terms associated with this age group include elderly, senior citizen, golden age, and retired citizen. People are living longer especially in this age group. PHYSICAL All physical systems are on the decline All body systems are affected. Hair thins, skin wrinkles, cartilage becomes thin, major organs lose function

MENTAL Mental abilities vary among individuals. Many elderly remain mentally active, and are willing to learn new things Alzheimer’s Disease can lead to irreversible memory loss EMOTIONAL Emotional stability varies among individuals in this age group. They cope the way they have most of their lives Often have to deal with the loss of a spouse and close friends

Possible isolation because of retirement SOCIAL Possible isolation because of retirement Many find more social activities because of time, others isolate themselves Find social security with family, grandchildren

All individuals show physical changes of aging in their sixties and seventies. iRespond Question Multiple Choice F 0F4E19AE-987B-1D44-8875-6316F2CE07B6 A.) True B.) False C.) D.) E.)

What factors could produce stress in middle adulthood? iRespond Question Multiple Choice F E8184691-9300-3940-B860-1F3CDB7C0214 A.) Loss of job B.) Fear of aging C.) Marital problems D.) All of the above E.)

At what age does a child use past experiences to make decisions? iRespond Question Multiple Choice F 4FDA3DEE-B947-9F4D-89CD-C65D5D6CF132 A.) Age 6 B.) Age 3 C.) Age 10 D.) Age 4 E.)

The development of sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics is called puberty iRespond Question Multiple Choice F 086C0100-C8F0-BA43-8E29-967A38B4242E A.) True B.) False C.) D.) E.)

At what age does a child learn bowel & bladder control iRespond Question Multiple Choice F ED15E629-212C-284F-9D16-43BDB2ECE2C0 A.) 2-4 B.) 5-6 C.) 6-7 D.) E.)

Question At what age does a child display frequent temper tantrums? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) 1-2 B.) 5-6 C.) 8-9 D.) 10-12 E.)

What infant reflex is a response to a loud noise or sudden movement? iRespond Question Multiple Choice F DBD9F4E2-A76D-D64B-B28B-1F501D621994 A.) Moro B.) Grasp C.) Rooting or sucking D.) E.)

At what age can an infant understand some words and basic sounds? iRespond Question Multiple Choice F D4D340D2-C64A-104C-8BA9-4E1F19349CE8 A.) 6 months B.) 12 months C.) 2 months D.) 1 month E.)

What infant reflex action is a response to a slight touch on the cheek? iRespond Question Multiple Choice F 974BF55D-B346-6B46-8E05-482A3F6BF4A8 A.) Moro B.) rooting or sucking C.) grasp D.) E.)

Children prefer friends of their own sex, and prefer group activities iRespond Question Multiple Choice F E3D715CC-26F9-4148-9D72-7E9E7EEE2B39 A.) Infancy B.) Early Childhood C.) Late Childhood D.) Adolescence E.)