Chapter 19 Idealism Intervention Isolation
Idealism Secretary of State: Bryan Wilson saw America as having a new Manifest Destiny
Mexico Porfirio Díaz Francisco Madero Victoriano Huerta Venustiano Carranza Pancho Villa
Mexico Wilson requested authority to use punitive force Pershing sent to hunt down Villa Unsuccessful
Caribbean Haiti Dominican Republic Other interventions
War Began with Austria declaring war on Serbia Russia comes to Serbia’s defense Germany declares war on Russia
War Germany declares war on France Schlieffen Plan Kaiser Wilhelm II Belgium objected to German troops in its country
War Britain comes to Belgium’s defense United States issued proclamation of neutrality
War Central Powers: Germany, Austria Allies: France, Britain, Russia
United States Many of German and Irish descent favored Germany Many others favored Britain Neutrality sentiment strong
United States Most American trade was with Allies “Pro-Allies” neutrality
War Submarine warfare Lusitania “Too proud to fight” Germany claimed self-defense
War Sussex “Sussex pledge”
1916 Democrats: Wilson “He kept us out of war” Republicans: Charles Evans Hughes Wilson wins
Intervention “Peace without victory” Unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman telegram
Intervention On April 6, 1917, Wilson signed the declaration of a state of war
Over Here America ill-prepared Selective Service Act 2.8 million drafted into the army Industry mobilization
Over Here Government took unprecedented control of the economy Food Administration Herbert Hoover
Over Here People raised gardens War bonds War touched every area of life “Doughboys”
Over Here Politics Anti-German attitudes Espionage and Sedition Acts Schenk v. U.S.
Over Here Wilson and idealism Not a war of conquest Fourteen Points League of Nations
Over There Americans march into Paris on July 4, 1917 Pivotal time Allied morale low Russia exits war
Over There German decided to wage major offensive Made some progress but were halted
Over There Château-Thierry Belleau Wood Argonne offensive Turned the tide
Over There Armistice signed November 11, 1918
Treaty of Versailles One of multiple treaties Wilson personally led the American delegation Included no Republicans
Treaty of Versailles Big Four Clemenceau: France Orlando: Italy Lloyd George: Britain Wilson: United States
Treaty of Versailles Germans had no part in negotiating treaty “War-guilt” clause Reparation payments Enormous and unreasonable
Treaty of Versailles Only two of Wilson’s Fourteen Points were incorporated League of Nations
The Debate Leading Senate opponent: Henry Cabot Lodge Three groups Democrats, in minority, mostly supported the treaty
The Debate Three groups Irreconcilables Reservationists Feared future entanglement in European problems
The Debate American public opinion began to shift toward Lodge’s position Wilson embarked on a marathon speaking tour Suffered serious stroke
The Debate Senate rejects treaty in November 1919 Wilson refused to compromise U.S. never joined the League of Nations
The Debate Congress passed resolution ending state of war in 1921