Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity

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Presentation transcript:

Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity Chapter 8 Electron Configuration and Chemical Periodicity B 5 10.811 C 6 12.011 N 7 14.007 O 8 16.000 F 9 18.998 Ne 10 20.18

Stern-Gerlach Experiment Vacuum North South Ag atoms Furnace 1000C Ag vapor Ag atoms

Stern-Gerlach Experiment No Ag spots observed! Walther Gerlach Otto Stern ...as the story goes ...Stern smoked bad cigars ...Breathed on the collector plate (breath contained sulfur!) Collector Plate ...Trace Ag converted to Ag2S ...Making the spots visible! ...Conclusion: Two types of electrons!

Stern-Gerach Experiment Electrons come in two different types are identified by the electron spin quantum number ms ms = +½ (“Spin up”) ms = - ½ (“Spin down”)

Pauli Exclusion Principle No two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers (n l ml ms) in the same atom. 2px n = 2 l = 1 ml = -1 ms = +½ n = 2 l = 1 ml = -1 ms = +½ ms = -½ Maximum Capacity for 2px is 2 electrons!

Electron Count 2s 2px 2pz 2py n = 2 l = 0 ml = 0 ms = +½ n= 2: 2 electrons from 2s + 6 electrons from 2p = 8 electrons total Total electrons = 2  n2 = 2  22 = 8 electrons total!