Starter Describe some properties of acids and bases How would you go about determining if something was an acid or base?

Naming of Acids Types of Acids Strengths of Acids/Bases Ch. 15/16: Acids and Bases Naming of Acids Types of Acids Strengths of Acids/Bases

Acids and Bases Groups of chemical compounds that share certain characteristics common substances you use everyday Examples: soap juice drain cleaners soda vinegar antacids

Acid Properties sour taste when dissolved in water turns pH paper red do not taste to test chemicals many are corrosive and poisonous turns pH paper red react with metals to make H2(g) metals above H2 in activity series single replacement reaction Ba(s) + H2SO4(aq)  BaSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Acid Properties react with bases to make salt and water acid is neutralized when added to an equal number of moles of base produces an ionic compound (also called “salt”) and water HBr(aq) + KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + KBr(aq) conduct electricity strong acids conduct very well weak acids conduct a small amount

Common Acids Sulfuric acid: H2SO4 Nitric acid: HNO3 used in car batteries Nitric acid: HNO3 used in explosives Phosphoric acid: H3PO4 used as flavoring in soft drinks Hydrochloric acid: HCl stomach produces it Acetic acid: HCH3COO or HC2H3O2 vinegar contains it

Base Properties taste bitter turn pH paper blue most are caustic (cause burns) so don’t taste to test turn pH paper blue feel slippery when dissolved in water react with acids to make salt and water conduct electricity

Naming of Acids Binary acids Contains 2 different elements: H and another Always has “hydro-” prefix Root of other element’s name Ending “-ic” Examples: HI, H2S, HBr

Naming Acids Ternary Acids - Oxyacids Contains 3 different elements: H, O, and another No prefix Name of polyatomic ion Ending “–ic” for “-ate” and “–ous” for “-ite” Examples: HClO4, H3PO4, HNO2

Practice H2SO3 Sulfurous acid HIO3 Iodic acid HF Hydrofluoric acid H2Se Hydroselenic acid Hypoiodous acid HIO Perchloric acid HClO4 Carbonic acid H2CO3 Hydrocyanic acid HCN Pseudobinary acid

Types of Acids Monoprotic acids Polyprotic acids- diprotic, triprotic Only have one acidic proton HNO2, HBr, HCH3COO Polyprotic acids- diprotic, triprotic Contains more than one acidic proton H3PO4, H2SO4, H2Te Organic acids Contain COOH (carboxyl) group Weak acids

Strengths of acids Depends on polarity and strength of the bond holding the H to the rest of the molecule Strong acids Ionize completely Strong electrolyte Would these have a strong or weak bond? Would these have a polar or nonpolar bond?

Strengths of Acids Strong Acids Weak Acids HCl, HBr, HI, HClO4, H2SO4, HNO3 Memorize that list! Weak Acids Only ionize partially Weak electrolytes Can assume any acid not on that list is weak

Strengths of Bases Depends on the amount of dissociation and structure Strong Bases Strong electrolytes All are metal hydroxides Dissociate completely in water Examples: KOH, Ba(OH)2 Weak Bases Weak electrolytes Examples: NH3, C6H5NH2