Future Directions in Research Networking - A Perspective from Europe 16th APAN Meeting Advanced Network Conference Busan Korea August 2003 Future Directions in Research Networking - A Perspective from Europe Dai Davies : General Manager : DANTE Ltd dai.davies@dante.org.uk www.dante.net

The Ages of European Research Networking The Pioneering Age (1980 - 1988) The Rationing Age (1988 - 1996) The Co-operation Age (1996 - 2001) The Age of the GÉANT (2001 - )

Technology Available 1991-2002 Period Most performant Data Technology Available Technology Available Link Technology in pan-European in United States Available Network Network 1991 - 1995 34/45 Mbps PDH 2 Mbps PDH 45 Mbps PDH 1996 - 1997 155 Mbps SDH 45 Mbps PDH 155 Mbps SDH 1997 - 2000 622 Mbps SDH 155 Mbps SDH 622 Mbps SDH 2000 + 10 Gbps DWDM 10 Gbps DWDM 2.5 Gbps DWDM

Price Trends pan-European Connectivity 1000000 100000 10000 average offer price 1000 lowest offer price 100 10 1 1996 1997 1998-9 1999-2000 2000-01 2002

GÉANT Topology June 2003

GÉANT Huge Increase in Network Capacity TEN-155 3 Gbps GÉANT 150 Gbps 9 “10 Gbps” Accesses 20 Gbps Global Interconnection Regional Initiatives Mediterranean Latin America

GÉANT Issues Divergence of Costs New Usage patterns Hardware Costs Global Developments

Divergence of Costs Range of Shared Costs Range of Connectivity 45 40 35 30 25 1996 1999 20 2002 15 10 5 Range of Shared Costs Range of Connectivity Smoothing of Shared Costs

Support for European VLBI Radio Telescope Correlator Data Flows (RT or non-RT)

EVN Traffic Flows over GÉANT NORDUnet SE JANET UK JIVE PL SURFnet CZ PSNC DFN BE NL DE2 DE1 FR CH AT 256M  512M ? 1G  2.5G 10G GARR IT

Hardware Costs 10 Gbps Router Interface Transmission Costs Switched and Routed Architecture 40 Gbps Interface

Europe - Where Next...….?

Is Speed Everything? 40 Gbps Technology Cost Multiple 2.5 Gbps or 10 Gbps wavelengths Interfacing Costs Routers Switches

Technical Challenges Enhanced Network Security Role of DIY Transmission New Architecture Resource Allocation Move from Connectivity to Controlability

Cost Challenges Increasing Divergence of Costs Transmission is Distance Dependent Cost New Usage Patterns

DWDM Cost Data

Global Co-operation Today Ad-Hoc Organisation Question of Who Pays Inter-Regional Organisation Global Demand?

Summary We are Deploying the Most Advanced Technology Can we Control it? Will we be able to Continue to Afford it?