Raymond G. Makhoul, MD, Herbert I. Machleder, MD

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Presentation transcript:

Developmental anomalies at the thoracic outlet: An analysis of 200 consecutive cases Raymond G. Makhoul, MD, Herbert I. Machleder, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages 534-545 (October 1992) DOI: 10.1016/0741-5214(92)90161-Z Copyright © 1992 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Anatomic relationships at thoracic outlet as seen from transaxillary surgical approach. (From Machleder HI. Vascular disorders of the upper extremity. 2nd ed. Mt Kisco, New York: Futura Press, 1989.) Journal of Vascular Surgery 1992 16, 534-545DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(92)90161-Z) Copyright © 1992 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Common associated abnormalities seen in patients with effort thrombosis of axillosubclavian vein. (From Kunkel JM, Machleder HI. Arch Surg 1989;124:1153–8.) Journal of Vascular Surgery 1992 16, 534-545DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(92)90161-Z) Copyright © 1992 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 A, Cervical rib articulating with first thoracic rib. B, Cervical rib connected to first rib by residual fibrocartilagenous band. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1992 16, 534-545DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(92)90161-Z) Copyright © 1992 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Example of intercostalization or crossing of scalenus medius and minimus insertions. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1992 16, 534-545DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(92)90161-Z) Copyright © 1992 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Scalenus minimus muscle. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1992 16, 534-545DOI: (10.1016/0741-5214(92)90161-Z) Copyright © 1992 Society for Vascular Surgery and the North American Chapter, International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery Terms and Conditions