Greek Citizenship & Sparta vs Athens Who were allowed/denied citizenship in the Greek polis’ & Who were the Spartans and Athenians

Greek City-States Polis is Greek for city The Greek city-states were referred to as the polis

Citizenship in the polis Citizenship was only available to free adult males Equality did not exist in the polis To become a citizen, free adult men had to provide 10 years of military service

I mean free-adult males* Members of the Polis Citizens: free adult males Given political rights (ability to vote) Civic participation in the government was required Free people: women, foreigners, and young males No political rights Slaves

Introduction to Sparta Sparta was a city-state in ancient Greece located along the Peloponnesian Peninsula Sparta was ruled by an oligarchy (small elite group) The oligarchy was comprised of military leaders

Spartan Society Spartan society was militaristic and aggressive They developed a rigid social structure with few rights for the lower classes All Spartan men were involved in the military, thus manual labor (especially agriculture) were done by slaves (Helots) Slaves vastly outnumbered the Spartans

Spartan military training At age 7 boys were taken from their homes and entered a state-sponsored military training program, known as the Agoge At age 20 they became full citizens and were required to stay in the military until age 60 The Spartans fought in a phalanx formation The formation was closed and tight No one soldier was more important that the other http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-greece-democracy/videos/deconstructing-history-spartans?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/sparta/videos/spartan-boot-camp-killing-machines

Spartan women Due to the mass amounts of slaves (Helots) Spartan women were freed of many domestic responsibilities They were educated Their main duties or obligation was to marry and birth Spartan males In preparation for marriage they would shave their heads and upon marriage would keep their hair short

Introduction to Athens Athens was a city-state in ancient Greece located along the Balkan Peninsula Athens is the epitome of Greek culture and contributions When people think of ancient Greece they typically think of Athenian culture Athens was named after their patron goddess Athena

Athenian political evolution M A T D Athens was renowned for their intellectual achievements and advancements politics Athens went through several stages of government Monarchy—ruled by a King/Queen of a royal family Aristocracy—ruled by the upper-class Tyranny—ruled by a strict absolute ruler Democracy—ruled by the citizens

Athenian Tyrants/Reformers Draco ruled Athens around 620 BCE He established a harsh legal system, the first in uniform system of law in Athens The convicted often received death However, the accused had a right to a trial and were innocent until proven guilty

Athenian Tyrants/Reformers Solon ruled Athens around 544 BCE He modified the laws of Draco making them less severe He freed the slaves in Athens and supported the rights of the lower classes Democracy in Athens is often tied back to the rule of Solon

Athenian Democracy Athens developed the world’s first democracy, which was a direct democracy The people decide on the policies, laws, and political initiatives The Athenians supported public debates and demanded that citizens participate in the political process However, only 10-20% of the population were citizens that could participate

Athenian democracy The stability of Athenian democracy allowed them to focus on academia and the arts The Athenians are still celebrated for their architectural, literary, philosophical, and scientific achievements

Athenian forms of government timeline: Description: Description: Description: Description:

Athenian forms of government timeline: Monarchy Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy Description: Description: Description: Description: King or Queen of a royal family rules Rule rich upper-class people Harsh/cruel government controlled by an absolute ruler Rule by the people—people rule the government

Sparta Athens Word Bank: Direct Democracy - Ruled by an oligarchy - Militaristic and aggressive society - Fought using the phalanx formation Public Debates - City-states in Greece - Harsh laws of Draco - Manual labor was done by the Helots Rigid Social Structure - Solon’s legal reforms - Boys forced into military training - Significant intellectual and artistic achievements Democratic Principles - Located on the Balkan Peninsula - Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula - Access to the Mediterranean Sea Sparta Athens

Sparta Athens - Rigid social structure - Direct democracy Word Bank: Direct Democracy - Ruled by an oligarchy - Militaristic and aggressive society - Fought using the phalanx formation Public Debates - City-states in Greece - Harsh laws of Draco - Manual labor was done by the Helots Rigid Social Structure - Solon’s legal reforms - Boys forced into military training - Significant intellectual and artistic achievements Democratic Principles - Located on the Balkan Peninsula - Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula - Access to the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas Sparta Athens - Rigid social structure - Direct democracy - Ruled by an oligarchy - Public debates - City-states in Greece - Militaristic and aggressive society - Democratic principles - Solon’s legal reforms - Boys forced into military training - Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula - Located on the Balkan Peninsula - Access to the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas - Harsh laws of Draco - Fought using the phalanx formation - Significant intellectual and artistic achievements - Manual labor was done by the Helots