Awaiting allograft antigen: For rejection or tolerance? Tomoaki Ando, MD, PhD, Toshiaki Kawakami, MD, PhD  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  Volume 143, Issue 2, Pages 560-562 (February 2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.040 Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 A putative mast cell's role in graft survival and rejection. In a tolerant tissue levels of IL-9, possibly from Treg cells, are increased, and mast cells proliferate. Mast cells produce TNF-α and GM-CSF to enhance dendritic cell (DC) migration to the draining lymph nodes, as well as their survival. IgE binding enhances GM-CSF production from mast cells: this enhancement might be the effect of highly cytokinergic (HC) monomeric IgE, which tend to react to self-antigens (possibly donor antigens in this case). Migratory DCs from graft tissue are largely suppressive. On IgE cross-linking, mast cells degranulate and reduce numbers of mast cells and Treg cells, the function of which is also suppressed. These events lead to graft rejection. EBI, Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 3; GZB, granzyme B. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2019 143, 560-562DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2018.11.040) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions