World War I The Great War (1914-1918)

History-11/28 (Review) How did industrialization lead to imperialism? What 2 continents did Europeans go to establish colonies? How did imperialism lead to nationalism in these continents? Over time, what do you think could happen with European nations because of imperialism and nationalism?

History-11/29 What were the 4 MAIN causes to WWI? What were the 2 alliance systems before the war? (list the countries for each) Why were the Balkans known as the “Powder Keg” of Europe? (why was there so much tension in the region?) What was the result of this tension in the Balkans and how did it lead directly to WWI?

The Four MAIN Causes to WWI Militarism-Building up an army and preparing for war Ex: Arms Race (to get the most powerful weapons) Alliances-Being backed militarily by other countries Ex: Triple Entente & Triple Alliance Imperialism-trying to expand your borders by taking weaker countries. Ex: Competition over Africa Ex: Territorial disputes Nationalism-a feeling of deep devotion to one’s own nation. Ex: Independence demands from Serbia

Balkan Nationalism & “The Shot Heard Around the World” Balkans-region in Southeast Europe (Serbia, Bosnia, Romania, Bulgaria, etc.) A.K.A the Powder Keg of Europe Nationalist movements led to independence for Serbia from the Ottoman Empire. Serbia’s national pride wanted to gain control of all Slavic areas in the Balkans. Russia supported Serbia. Austria-Hungary did not support Serbia’s goal: Annexed Bosnia Tensions exploded on June 28, 1914, when a Serbian assassin from the Black Hand shot and killed Austria-Hungary’s leader, Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Gavrilo Princip

WWI Begins After the assassination of the Archduke, the Alliance System led directly to war. Everyone declared war on each other The Allied Powers Great Britain, France, and Russia The Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire Germany’s Schlieffen Plan-invade and take France first and then turn towards Russia. Germany’s attack was stopped in 1914, turning the Western Front into a bloody stalemate. Germany had to also turn to the Eastern Front and fight the Russians. (Two Front War)

Notes Discussion Do you think the Schlieffen Plan was a good plan? Why or why not? What would have been a better plan?

The Battlefront of WWI New weapons caused mass amounts of casualties (deaths). Machine Guns, Gas, Heavy Artillery, Grenades, Sniper Rifles, Tanks, Airplanes, Submarines Conditions for soldiers during WWI were terrible. Trench Warfare-long miles of deep ditches that soldiers lived in (protected them) Mud, Water, rats, fleas, no food Soldiers on both sides would charge enemy trenches gaining little to no ground No Man’s Land-deadly space in between the trenches. The Battle of Verdun-longest and bloodiest battle of the war (714,000 deaths).

WWI Weapons Diagram On your paper provided, create a WWI weapons diagram. Divide your paper into 8 Frames. For each Frame include the name of the weapon and a description of it. Draw a picture to represent each one. Type of Rifle Type of Artillery Type of Tank Type of Plan Type of Machine Gun Type of Battleship Type of Poisonous Gas Specialty Weapon of your choice (submarine, flame thrower, grenade, blimp, etc.)

The Americans Enter WWI WWI was a global conflict by 1917 The United States were forced to enter the war in 1917 German unrestricted submarine warfare-sunk American ships along with the Lusitania. Zimmerman Telegram-secret message from Germany to Mexico The U.S. declared war Total War-devoted all resources to the war effort on the Home Front. Rationing, Propaganda, Women in Factories

The End of WWI The entrance of America turned the tide in the Allies favor. Russia withdrew from the war in March 1918 (Revolution). Germany tried one more time in France but was pushed back by fresh U.S. troops. The Central Powers surrendered November 11, 1918-an armistice was signed to stop fighting. 8.5 Million soldiers had died in the war. Europe’s land was destroyed Economies were ruined

The Treaty of Versailles Peace was hard to agree on between the Allies. The Big Four: U.S. (Woodrow Wilson), France (George Clemenceau), Britain (David Lloyd George), and Italy (Vittorio Orlando) Wilson’s Fourteen Points-peace plan League of Nations (pt. 14) was the only one accepted The Treaty of Versailles-signed on June 28, 1919: Punished Germany (war reparations and War Guilt Clause) Broke up Ottoman Empire into Mandates Austria-Hungary broken into new countries

3/19 What was the treaty that officially ended WWI called? Who were the Big Four? What was the League of Nations? What happened to Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire? What were the provisions for Germany? What about this treaty do you think was a bad idea and why?

The Russian Revolution Early 1900s Russia has several economic problems Food shortages Bad Working Conditions (industrialization) “Bloody Sunday” Losses in WWI & Russo-Jap. War Czar Nicholas II-absolute leader of Russia: Oppressive ruler Didn’t help his people Bloody Sunday (1905)

The Russian Revolution Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) “Peace, Bread, and Land!” Revolutionary groups that supported Karl Marx’s ideas started to form: The Bolsheviks Led by Vladimir Lenin Overthrew the Czar and government in 1917. Established the Soviet Union or U.S.S.R Communist Party (Not Marxist)

Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) After Lenin died in 1924, Joseph Stalin took over the Communist Party in the U.S.S.R. Eliminated Leon Trotsky, his main rival. Established a Totalitarian State or Dictatorship Established a Command Economy: Five Year Plans: Goal to increase output of steel, coal, electricity, and oil. Collective Farms: Government-owned farms. Eliminated his rivals during the Great Purge (1937-1938). Used secret police, censorship, indoctrination, and propaganda to maintain complete control.

3/21 What do the three symbols on the Soviet flag represent 1. 2. 3. What does the color red represent?