Endothelial cell–lined skeletal muscle ventricles in circulation

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Endothelial cell–lined skeletal muscle ventricles in circulation Gregory A. Thomas, MD (by invitation), Peter I. Lelkes, PhD (by invitation), Susumu Isoda, MD, PhD (by invitation), Dawn Chick, BS (by invitation), Huiping Lu, MD (by invitation), Robert L. Hammond, BA (by invitation), Hidehiro Nakajima, MD, PhD (by invitation), Hisako Nakajima, MD (by invitation), Henry L. Walters, MD (by invitation), Larry W. Stephenson, MD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 109, Issue 1, Pages 66-73 (January 1995) DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70421-3 Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Representative pressure trace taken from an animal with an endothelialized SMV in circulation for 3 hours. Diastolic augmentation noted by dots in carotid and femoral traces. Cardiomyostimulator contracting at a 1:2 ratio with the heart at 33 Hz burst frequency. EKG, Electrocardiogram. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1995 109, 66-73DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70421-3) Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Photomicrograph of the luminal surface of seeded SMV after incubation with immunofluorescent antibodies to vWF. Presence of vWF staining identifies cells lining the SMV lumen as endothelial in nature. (Original magnification × 650.) The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1995 109, 66-73DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70421-3) Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Scanning electron micrograph of the luminal surface of the unseeded (control) SMV(original magnification × 500). The luminal surface is rough and multiple layers of fibers are seen along the surface. Platelets and other blood elements can be seen adherent to the SMV wall. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1995 109, 66-73DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70421-3) Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Scanning electron micrograph of the luminal surface of a seeded SMV (original magnification × 470). In contrast to the seeded SMV, a smooth, cellular lining is present. Only minimal platelet deposition can be seen on the surface of the SMV. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1995 109, 66-73DOI: (10.1016/S0022-5223(95)70421-3) Copyright © 1995 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions