Domains & Kingdoms (17.3) State Standard SBCb: Compare how structures & function vary between the six kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals. SBCd. Compare & contrast viruses with living organisms.

All organisms fit into one of 3 domains: Domain Archaea Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Grouping Species The broadest category in the classification used by most biologists is the domain. All organisms fit into one of 3 domains: Domain Archaea Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya

Grouping Species Cont’d Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Grouping Species Cont’d Within the 3 domains, modern taxonomy defines six kingdoms. The six kingdoms are Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protists, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Prokaryotes All prokaryotic organisms are either in Domain Bacteria or Domain Archaea.

Domain Bacteria Domain Bacteria only contains 1 Kingdom: Eubacteria. Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Bacteria Domain Bacteria only contains 1 Kingdom: Eubacteria. Eubacteria (true bacteria) are prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan. They can be beneficial or cause disease. Eubacteria are a diverse group that can survive in many different environments.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Archaea Domain Arachaea only contains 1 kingdom: Archaebacteria. Archaeabacteria are thought to be more ancient than eubacteria. Archaea are diverse in shape and nutrition requirements. They are called extremophiles because they can live in extreme environments (ex: salty or extremely hot – deep oceans, hot springs, & swamps. NO PEPTIDOGLYCAN

All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya. Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Domain Eukarya All eukaryotes are classified in Domain Eukarya. Domain Eukarya includes 4 Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia.

Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Kingdom Protista Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular. Protists are classified into three different groups—plantlike, animal-like, and funguslike.

Kingdom Protista Cont’d Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Kingdom Protista Cont’d Lack complex organ systems & live in moist environments May or may not have a cell wall. May be autrotrophic or heterotrophic Diverse set of organisms that don’t fit neatly into any other kingdom.

A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Kingdom Fungi A fungus is a unicellular or multicellular eukaryote that absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment.

Absorptive Heterotrophs Can’t move Cell walls made of chitin Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Kingdom Fungi Cont’d Absorptive Heterotrophs Can’t move Cell walls made of chitin Decompose dead organisms & waste

Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats. Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Kingdom Plantae Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats. All plants are multicellular and have cell walls composed of cellulose. Most plants are autotrophs, but some are heterotrophic.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms Kingdom Animalia All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes. Animal organs often are organized into complex organ systems. They live in the water, on land, and in the air. Animal cells never contain a cell wall.

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity

Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Domains and Kingdoms

The five-kingdom classification system had to Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Formative Questions The five-kingdom classification system had to be changed to a three-domain, six-kingdom system because of the discovery of _______. fungi protists archaebacteria prokaryotes A B C D FQ 9

Which is a characteristic of the species classified in Domain Archaea? Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Formative Questions Which is a characteristic of the species classified in Domain Archaea? They are anaerobic. They are autotrophic. They are extremophiles. Their cell walls contain peptidoglycan. A B C D FQ 10

Which kingdom contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes? Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Formative Questions Which kingdom contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes? Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista A B C D FQ 11

Which cell wall material distinguishes all Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Formative Questions Which cell wall material distinguishes all of the organisms in Kingdom Plantae? cellulose chitin hyphae peptidoglycan A B C D FQ 12

Which group of dissimilar organisms were Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity 17.3 Formative Questions Which group of dissimilar organisms were placed into the same kingdom partly because they don’t fit into any other kingdoms? eubacteria eukaryotes fungi protists A B C D FQ 13

Which is not one of the three domains? Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Chapter Assessment Questions Which is not one of the three domains? Archaea Bacteria Eukarya Fungi A B C D CAQ 3

For which organism would it be best for Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Standardized Test Practice For which organism would it be best for scientists to use the scientific name rather than the common name? great blue heron bottlenose dolphin sea horse whitetail deer A B C D STP 1

Why aren’t mushrooms classified as plants? Chapter 17 Organizing Life’s Diversity Standardized Test Practice Why aren’t mushrooms classified as plants? They are heterotrophs. They don’t have cell walls. They don’t absorb nutrients from their environment. They lack motility— the ability to move. A B C D STP 5