Distinct long-term neurocognitive outcomes after equipotent sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in immature rats T.M. Ramage, F.L. Chang, J. Shih,

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Distinct long-term neurocognitive outcomes after equipotent sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia in immature rats T.M. Ramage, F.L. Chang, J. Shih, R.S. Alvi, G.R. Quitoriano, V. Rau, K.C. Barbour, S.A. Elphick, C.L. Kong, N.K. Tantoco, D. Ben-Tzur, H. Kang, M.S. McCreery, P. Huang, A. Park, J. Uy, M.J. Rossi, C. Zhao, R.T. Di Geronimo, G. Stratmann, J.W. Sall British Journal of Anaesthesia Volume 110, Pages i39-i46 (June 2013) DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet103 Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 MAC and survival during sevoflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia in rats on P7. Rats were exposed to sevoflurane (n=33) or isoflurane (n=21) on P7. As determined by tail clamping, anaesthetic concentration was adjusted to MAC as described.14 24 MAC of sevoflurane during three exposures (a) and isoflurane during two exposures (b). Survival of P7 rats over 4 h of sevoflurane (c) and isoflurane (d). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, i39-i46DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet103) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Fear conditioning: freezing was assessed before the first of four tone/shock pairings (a) and immediately after (b). Tone and shock were separated by a stimulus-free 18 s trace interval. Twenty-four hour post-conditioning, freezing was measured before re-exposure to the tone in a novel context (c) and after exposure to the tone (d). Freezing was also assessed in the original context, in the absence of the tone and shock (e). British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, i39-i46DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet103) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Morris water maze: escape latencies to the hidden platform (a) and swim speeds (b) of the first trial swims across training sessions 1–15. There was no effect of treatment and the only variability was due to session as the animals learned the task. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, i39-i46DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet103) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Memory test: at the end of the training sessions the delay between the exploratory swim and trial was 1 min (working memory), 1 h (short-term memory), and then 4 h (early long-term memory). Escape latencies (a) and swim speeds (b) of the first trial swims for each treatment group during the delay sessions shown. The isoflurane-treated group had a longer latency than control or sevoflurane treatment groups to find the platform after a 1 h delay, and both sevoflurane and isoflurane had a longer delay to find the platform after a 4 h delay. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2013 110, i39-i46DOI: (10.1093/bja/aet103) Copyright © 2013 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions