Structures of Living Things Unit 2 Structures of Living Things

How Do Organisms Transport Materials? Lesson 2-1 How Do Organisms Transport Materials?

I – Cells A. All living things are made of cells. They are the smallest living part. B. Cells look different because they have different functions. C. Cells have 4 main jobs: 1. They make energy by breaking down food 2. They transport things (Oxygen) 3. They make more cells 4. They get rid of waste

D). All cells are made of tiny parts called D) All cells are made of tiny parts called ORGANELLES (both Plant & Animal Cells) 1) Cell Membrane – holds the cell together. It controls what comes in and goes out of the cell. 2) Nucleus – controls all the functions of the cell. 3) Cytoplasm – jelly like substance that keeps the cell healthy. 4) Mitochondria – turn food into energy. 5) Vacuoles – store food, water, and waste (plant cells). 6) Vesicles – store food, water, waste (animal cells)

E) Plant Cells have 2 special organelles: 1) Cell Wall – give the plant strength. 2) Chloroplasts – a green substance, turns sunlight into starch (sugar energy – makes food).

F. All cells work together 1. Cells work together to form TISSUE a. Muscle tissue (allows you to move) b. Nervous tissue (think, talk, see) c. Connective tissue (Bones, cartilage, blood) d. Epithelial tissue (in skin, lines internal) 1. forms capillaries – tiny blood vessels

2. Tissues work together to form ORGANS (heart, lungs, kidneys) 3. Organs work together to form BODY SYSTEMS/ORGAN SYSTEMS – Respiratory, Digestive, Circulatory, Excretory, Muscular, Nervous)

G. All Cells need oxygen, water, nutrients and food 1. In animals and humans the circulatory system transports the needed materials. a. made of heart, blood vessels, and blood 1. transport oxygen & nutrients 2. remove wastes b. plasma – where food & waste dissolves 1. nutrients go to the cells 2. waste moved away from cells c. Red blood cells carry oxygen

2. PLANTS a. Vascular plants move materials through tubes. b. There are 2 kinds of tubes in plants: Xylem and Phloem. 1. Xylem are tubes that transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. 2. Phloem are tubes that carry sugar away from the leaves to all parts of the plant.