Judicial Study Guide Answer Key

Study Guide 1) Judicial Branch 2) Congress 3) The President appoints, The Senate Confirms 4) 9 Supreme Court Justices 5) Brett Kavanaugh, Samuel Alito, Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Neil Gorsuch, Elena Kagan, Sonia Sotomayor, Clarence Thomas, John Roberts 6) Authority held by a court to be the first court to hear a particular case 7) Cases involving Ambassadors or a State 8) Authority held by a court to hear an appeal on a decided case. 9) In all cases except those that they have original jurisdiction 10) In the State the crime took place in 11) Treason 12) For Life (as long as “good behavior”) 13) Pay cannot be lowered 14) Courts checking laws and executive orders for constitutionality 15) Marbury v. Madison (1803) 16) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) 17) Roe v. Wade (1973) 18) United States v. Nixon (1974)

Study Guide (cont.) 19) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) 20) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) 21) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 22) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) 23) 14th Amendment 24) 4th Amendment 25) The use of Judicial Review to enact changes in Public Policy; effectively, using Judicial Review to create new laws 26) To interpret the Constitution strictly by what the writers meant at the time they wrote it. More common with Conservative judges. 27) The limits or territory in which authority may be exercised 28) an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered 29) A group of peers who listen to evidence and determine guilt of the accused. This takes the ability to assign guilt out of the hands of one judge and increases the chance of a fair trial 30) Plaintiff is the person Suing or accusing. Defendant is the person being sued or accused.

Study Guide (cont.) 31) Chief Justice John Roberts 32) Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg 33) Associate Justice Clarence Thomas 34) Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh 35) The Presumption of Innocence or “innocent until proven guilty”