Landmark Court Cases Judicial Branch.

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Presentation transcript:

Landmark Court Cases Judicial Branch

Landmark Court Cases Landmark decisions create important new laws or largely change the interpretation of existing law. List of biggies: Marbury v. Madison (1803) McCullough v. Maryland (1819) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Brown V Board of Education (1954) Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

***Established JUDICIAL REVIEW for the Supreme Court*** Marbury v. Madison (1803) ***Established JUDICIAL REVIEW for the Supreme Court*** Checks and balances against Legislative and Executive branches If law = unconstitutional, Supreme Court can void it Not stated in Article III though!

McCullough V. Maryland (1819) ***Implied powers and national supremacy*** Maryland tried to tax a national bank Implied powers: Federal government can make laws not stated in constitution National supremacy A state cannot override national law

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1854) ***Denied right for blacks to sue for freedom and maintain freedom in the North*** A slave was taken to the north (where slavery was outlawed) and attempted to sue for freedom He was denied and the Court also prevented other blacks from being freed in the north Considered worst decision by Supreme Court by historians

***Flexibility of Constitution and it’s interpretation*** Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) ***Flexibility of Constitution and it’s interpretation*** 14th amendment: equal rights and protection but… “Separate but equal” concept established View as OKAY under specific interpretation Goes hand-in-hand with Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – you’ll see in our activity

***Protects the accused and protects society*** Miranda v. Arizona (1966) ***Protects the accused and protects society*** Suspected criminals have rights (you have the right to remain silent, etc) Miranda was forced to confess without knowing his rights This ensures police inform citizens of their legal rights as they are arrested for suspected crimes