Objective: List some advantages and disadvantages of both the North and South in the Civil War.

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18.1 The Civil War Begins pp. 566-569

Objective: List some advantages and disadvantages of both the North and South in the Civil War.

A. The Path to War (pp. 566-567) Lincoln warned that the federal government would “hold, occupy, and possess” all its property in the states that had seceded. One of the federal forts in the South, Fort Sumter, stood on a rocky island in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. Four weeks after his inauguration, Lincoln sent a fleet with supplies to the fort.

B. Fort Sumter (p. 567) Southerners viewed Lincoln’s order to send supply ships as an act of war. At 4:30 in the morning of April 12, 1861, Confederate general P.G.T Beauregard ordered a bombardment of the fort. After 34 hours of bombardment, but no loss of life, Fort Sumter surrendered. The Civil War (1861-1865) had begun.

Fort Sumter 1861

C. More Southern States Secede (p. 568) After the attack on Fort Sumter, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, and Tennessee seceded. The border slave states to the north—Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri—supported the Union but not the abolitionist cause.

D. An Iron Fist in Maryland (p. 568) About 100 miles south of Washington DC lay Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. To the north lay Maryland, where many people held slaves and supported the Confederacy. After Union troops were attacked while passing through Baltimore, Lincoln placed the city under martial law, a form of military rule that includes suspending Bill of Rights freedoms.

E. Holding Missouri and Kentucky (p. 569) Lincoln considered the border states of Missouri and Kentucky important to the Union because these states controlled the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers. Although it declared its neutrality at first, Kentucky remained in the Union. Partisan warfare plagued Missouri for much of the war, but the state never left the Union.

F. A Divided Nation [Tree Map] The South The North Advantages -Fighting a defensive war on home soil -Skilled with rifles and horseback riding -Excellent generals Disadvantages -few factories -few railroads -small population Advantages -more people -more factories -vast railroad system -large navy -more money -Abraham Lincoln Disadvantages -had to invade South to restore Union -divided on slavery Textbook p. 569

Review: 1. The years of the American Civil War were ________-________. 2. Where were the opening shots of the war fired? 3. List the four border slave states that remained loyal the Union. 4. What Southern city became the Confederate capital? 5. List three Confederate advantages. 6. List three Confederate disadvantages. 7. List three Union advantages