Unit 9 Review Answer Key

1. The North had shipbuilding as part of their economy 1. The North had shipbuilding as part of their economy. Justify each of the following as either a quality belonging or not belonging to the North or as an advantage/ disadvantage for this particular business. Good farmland and minerals yes in the North, but does not apply for shipbuilding Warm climate and timber North does not have warm climate- timber applies however River access and plantation river access maybe- but plantation is in south Rugged coastline and timber coastline indicates ocean and timber used for shipbuilding

2. How would each of the following allow or not (no effect) faster access to markets for products? National Road - yes (Daniel Boone) to reach settlements in Northwest territories Erie Canal –yes to take products faster and easier to market New York, Albany, Buffalo. Continental Divide-while settlers crossed the mountains it could be argued the least trade route of the four- students may give answers giving evidence otherwise. Railroad expansion- Transcontinental Railroad connected the U.S. from east to west providing faster , easier transportation.

3. Why did the South not develop factories? South developed plantation economy due to geography, climate, soil. 4. Innovations, immigration and tariff policies led to the growth of industrialization 5. A benefit of the free enterprise system was less dependence on foreign products because of industrialization in the U.S. and more American products.

6. Adam Smith is thought of as the founder of modern economics 6. Adam Smith is thought of as the founder of modern economics. He claimed that the natural law of economics was that individuals should be left to pursue their own economic self-interests. Through this, all society would ultimately benefit.Additionally, the state should in no way interrupt the natural forces at work by imposing regulations on the economy. Define laissez-faire An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws- (simply put- little to no government interference in business affairs)

7. True or false-Urbanization led to: ___F_ fewer immigrants in cities ____F_ need for fewer factory workers __F___ acceptance of diversity define diversity____differences_ ___T___division between classes- define classes - different levels of income/education and social levels of people

8. Bessemer process allowed the U.S. to become a top producer of steel . What effect did this have on America? building of skyscrapers, cities 9. Construction of railroads and canals most benefitted northern industry because it allowed faster movement of people and products.

10. Cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney increased the need for slaves. 11. What effect would the following have had on the growth of industry in the 1800’s. Which had the MOST impact Urbanization- creating of cities- but which came first? Industrialization or urbanization- Electricity -useable electricity was more 20th century than 19th century. Lightbulb was 1879 Telegraph -communications only Steam power -powered machines- best choice

12. Which of the following would have women moving from home to working in the factory? Tell why the others would not. Sewing machine - women moved to work in factories to work sewing machines (think Lowell Mills) Labor unions - some labor unions included women- some did not- but they were formed AFTER people worked in the factory. They didn’t recruit from the farm. They recruited from the factory. Interchangeable parts - first used for muskets-typical male job. Cotton gin - increased need for slaves

13. Growth of cities, increased immigration, cheaper, better products and INCREASED MIGRATION were lifestyle changes brought about by industrialization. 14. In researching life on a Southern plantation, what primary sources would be helpful to read? diaries, first hand accounts, interviews Are history texts, encyclopedia articles and fiction novels primary sources or as valuable sources? no

15. The new costs of shipping on the Erie Canal meant the westerners could afford MORE or LESS eastern goods? 16. Which invention most directly contributed to the growth of the plantation system and slavery in the South? Cotton gin or steel plow?

17.Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts for muskets. 18. Robert Fulton invented the steamboat helping economic in the U.S. making transportation on rivers more efficient. 19. In the early 1800’s , how did interchangeable parts help increase industrialization? more efficient, one part will fit every gun, able to change it out.

20. How does the immigrant seem to feel about being in America sad, but happy to be in America with a paying job Highlight or write quote that supports your answer

21. What religion is the immigrant? Catholic Does it seem to be important to him? yes What line supports your answer? references to God 22. What are his major concerns? Health and well being of his family

23.What three products are Represented in the bar graph? a. woolen goods b. cotton goods c. flour and meal

24.Based on this chart, what does it tell you about the importance of railroad expansion and the correlation to the expansion of the U.S.?_years of railroad expansion correlate to expansion of U.S.