Negative Mood Affects Brain Processing of Visceral Sensation Steven J. Coen, Lidia Yágüez, Qasim Aziz, Martina T. Mitterschiffthaler, Mick Brammer, Steven C.R. Williams, Lloyd J. Gregory  Gastroenterology  Volume 137, Issue 1, Pages 253-261.e2 (July 2009) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.052 Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Comparison of brain processing of pain during negative versus neutral emotion. Analysis of variance revealed significantly more intense activation during negative emotion in the right insula, inferior frontal gyrus, SMA, and ACC (BA24 and BA32). Gastroenterology 2009 137, 253-261.e2DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.052) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Group brain activation maps summarizing regions showing significantly (P = .05) increased brain activity when painful esophageal stimulation was delivered during negative emotion compared with neutral in (A) right inferior frontal gyrus (Tal x29, y26, z18), (B) right anterior insula (Tal x36, y11, z2), (C) right SMA (Tal x7, y4, z48), and (D) right mid-ACC (BA24) (Tal x11, y7, z37). The color bar denotes the extent of the significant increase in brain activity painful esophageal stimulation was delivered during negative emotion (0, minimum; 100, maximum). Gastroenterology 2009 137, 253-261.e2DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.052) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Brain regions showing significantly (P = .05) greater activity during neutral emotion and pain compared with negative emotion and pain. Brain activity was significantly more intense in the left ACC and SMA during neutral emotional modulation and painful esophageal stimulation. Gastroenterology 2009 137, 253-261.e2DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.052) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Comparison of brain activity between nonpainful stimulation during negative emotional modulation and nonpainful stimulation during neutral emotion. Significantly greater activity was found in the right insula and ACC (BA24 and BA32) during brain processing of nonpainful esophageal stimulation during the negative emotional state (P = .05). Gastroenterology 2009 137, 253-261.e2DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.052) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Brain regions showing increased activity following nonpainful stimulation during negative emotion. Activity in (A) the right insula (Tal x25, y22, z-2) and (B) right ACC (Tal x4, y15, z26) (BA24 and BA32) increased when nonpainful esophageal stimulation was delivered during negative emotional modulation (P = .05). The color bar denotes the extent of the significant increase in brain activity painful esophageal stimulation was delivered during negative emotion (0, minimum; 100, maximum). Gastroenterology 2009 137, 253-261.e2DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.052) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions

Supplementary Figure 1 This figure shows a snapshot of a single event. Each event begins with stimulation of the esophagus (painful or nonpainful), after which there is a short delay (6–13 seconds) before VAS presentation. There is a further period of rest before the next event begins. The sequence is repeated with randomized timings and stimulation level (nonpainful and painful) before imaging data of 40 trials are collected. Gastroenterology 2009 137, 253-261.e2DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.052) Copyright © 2009 AGA Institute Terms and Conditions