Chapter 1 Matter

What is Chemistry? Chemistry-

Chemical Chemical-

Pure Substances

Pure Substances

Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Mixtures

Mixtures

Can it be physically separated? Matter Flowchart yes no Can it be physically separated? Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes

Extensive vs. Intensive Extensive Property depends on the amount of present Example: volume, mass, amount of energy in a substance Intensive Property Does not depend on the of matter present Example: melting point, boiling point, density, ability to conduct electricity

Physical vs. Chemical Physical Property Chemical Property A characteristic that can be or without changing the identity of the substance Example: mass, length, volume, density, melting and boiling points, color, hardness, conductivity, solubility Chemical Property Describes how a substance undergoes a to form new substances Example: How does a substance burn, reacts with acid, rusts

Physical vs. Chemical Physical Change Change of State A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the of the substance; no substances are formed Example: grinding, dissolving, cutting, breaking, crushing Change of State A change of a substance from one state to another (freeze, , melt, , condense)

Four States of Matter Solids very low - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed

Four States of Matter Liquids low - particles can move around but are still close together shape - volume

Four States of Matter Gases high - particles can separate and move throughout container - shape and volume

Four States of Matter Plasma High temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their ; is considered a state of matter Exists in the and other

Physical vs Chemical Change A change in which one or more substances are into different substances; substances are formed Example: combustion (burning), digestion, color changes, light emitted, gas given off, precipitation, pH changes, cooking, rusting Example: sodium + chlorine  sodium chloride