Chapter 1 Matter
What is Chemistry? Chemistry-
Chemical Chemical-
Pure Substances
Pure Substances
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Mixtures
Mixtures
Can it be physically separated? Matter Flowchart yes no Can it be physically separated? Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes
Extensive vs. Intensive Extensive Property depends on the amount of present Example: volume, mass, amount of energy in a substance Intensive Property Does not depend on the of matter present Example: melting point, boiling point, density, ability to conduct electricity
Physical vs. Chemical Physical Property Chemical Property A characteristic that can be or without changing the identity of the substance Example: mass, length, volume, density, melting and boiling points, color, hardness, conductivity, solubility Chemical Property Describes how a substance undergoes a to form new substances Example: How does a substance burn, reacts with acid, rusts
Physical vs. Chemical Physical Change Change of State A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the of the substance; no substances are formed Example: grinding, dissolving, cutting, breaking, crushing Change of State A change of a substance from one state to another (freeze, , melt, , condense)
Four States of Matter Solids very low - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed
Four States of Matter Liquids low - particles can move around but are still close together shape - volume
Four States of Matter Gases high - particles can separate and move throughout container - shape and volume
Four States of Matter Plasma High temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their ; is considered a state of matter Exists in the and other
Physical vs Chemical Change A change in which one or more substances are into different substances; substances are formed Example: combustion (burning), digestion, color changes, light emitted, gas given off, precipitation, pH changes, cooking, rusting Example: sodium + chlorine sodium chloride