Describes form or behavior of matter Physical Property

Describes how matter interacts with other matter Chemical Property

Identity Change Chemical Change

One-atom Molecule Monatomic

2 or more uppercase letters in formula Compound 2 or more uppercase letters in formula

Identity stays the same Physical Change

Phase changes are physical changes. Identity stays the same. H2O(l)  H2O(g)

Identity changes. Chemical change. 2H2O(l)  2H2 + O2(g)

2-Atom Molecule Diatomic

Take the shape & volume of their container Gases

Physical property expressed with a # & unit. Independent of sample size. Physical Constant

Definite volume but no definite shape Liquids

Definite volume & definite shape Solids

2 or more elements chemically combined Compound

Cannot be broken down into anything simpler by ordinary chemical or physical methods Element

Physical combination of 2 or more pure substances. Mixture

Elements & Compounds Pure Substances

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous Mixtures

Physical method of separating mixture of 2 or more liquids based on differences in boiling points. Distillation

Homogeneous Mixture. Liquid & gas phase solutions transmit light Homogeneous Mixture. Liquid & gas phase solutions transmit light. Look translucent. Do not separate on standing. Solution

Heterogeneous Mixture. Scatter light. Look cloudy Heterogeneous Mixture. Scatter light. Look cloudy. Need to be shaken or stirred. Separate on standing. Suspension

Homogeneous Mixture. NaCl dissolved in water. NaCl(aq)

Pure substance. NaCl in the solid phase. NaCl(s)

Mixture Variable Composition

Pure substance. NaCl in the liquid phase. NaCl(l)

Pure substance. NaCl in the gas phase. NaCl(g)

Uniform, constant, the same throughout. Homogeneous

Pure substance: Element or Compound Always Homogeneous

Physical separation technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures Physical separation technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. Based on differences in particle size. Filtration

Physical separation technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures Physical separation technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. Based on differences in appearance. Sorting

Definite & Unique Properties Pure substance. Element or Compound. Definite & Unique Properties

Broken into components by chemical decomposition reaction Compound Broken into components by chemical decomposition reaction

Pure substance. Element or Compound. Definite Composition

Separated by physical technique Mixture Separated by physical technique

3-atom Molecule Triatomic

May be homogeneous or heterogeneous Mixture May be homogeneous or heterogeneous

Density, melting point, boiling point Examples of physical constants Density, melting point, boiling point

Law of conservation of matter Mass Before = Mass After Law of conservation of matter

No new properties. Properties are a mix of properties of components. Mixture No new properties. Properties are a mix of properties of components.

Equation represents dissolving. Dissolving is a physical change. C6H12O6(s)  C6H12O6(aq)

Used to identify substances. Physical Properties

Atoms can vibrate back & forth about a fixed position. Solid state Atoms can vibrate back & forth about a fixed position.

Ways to separate heterogeneous mixtures Sorting Filtration Crystallization Evaporation Distillation Chromatography Differences in density Differences in magnetic properties Differences in solubility Ways to separate heterogeneous mixtures

Change of phase terms Evaporation = l to g Freezing = l to s Melting = s to l Condensation = g to l Boiling = l to g Deposition = g to s Fusion = s to l Sublimation = s to g Change of phase terms

Gas Phase Molecules are relatively far apart from each other & can move from place to place.

One substance dissolved in another substance Solution One substance dissolved in another substance

Phase at room temperatrue Physical property Phase at room temperatrue

Liquid Phase Molecules are pretty close, but have enough room to slide past each other.

Physical separation technique based on differences in intermolecular forces. Chromatography

Gas phase of a substance that is usually a liquid at room temperature. Vapor

Names for some chemical changes Corrosion, Decomposition, Neutralization, Burning Names for some chemical changes

# of atoms of each element before = # of atoms of each element after Law of Conservation of Matter # of atoms of each element before = # of atoms of each element after

Part X 100% Whole Percent

1 upper case letter in formula Element 1 upper case letter in formula

Cutting, Crumpling, Tearing, Pulling into wire, Hammering into sheet Examples of physical changes Cutting, Crumpling, Tearing, Pulling into wire, Hammering into sheet

Examples of physical changes Phase Changes

Evidence of Chemical Change Production of heat & light Formation of a gas (bubbles) Formation of a precipitate Change in identifying properties Evidence of Chemical Change

Opposite of dissolving. Solid comes out of solution. Precipitation Opposite of dissolving. Solid comes out of solution.

Particles arranged in a regular geometric pattern. Solid Particles arranged in a regular geometric pattern.

Endothermic G Potential Energy L Exothermic S

Mixture Pure Substance Pure Substance Pure Substance