Lesson Objectives: CHAPTER 22: Section 1 - Moving Toward Conflict Standard Addressed: 11.9 Students analyze U.S. Foreign policy since World War II. CH 22-SEC-1 Lesson Objectives: CHAPTER 22: Section 1 - Moving Toward Conflict 1. Summarize Vietnam’s history as a French colony and its struggle for independence. 2. Examine how the United States became involved in the Vietnam conflict. 3. Describe the expansion of U.S. military involvement under President Johnson.

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A BULLDOG ALWAYS CARES Commitment Attitude Respect Encouragement Safety

Moving Toward Conflict The Vietnam War Years The United States becomes locked in a military stalemate in Southeast Asia. U.S. forces withdraw after a decade of heavy war casualties abroad and assassinations and antiwar demonstrations at home. Section 1 Moving Toward Conflict To stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia, the United States uses its military to support South Vietnam. NEXT

Moving Toward Conflict America Supports France in Vietnam French Rule in Vietnam • Late 1800s–WW II, France rules most of Indochina • Ho Chi Minh—leader of Vietnamese independence movement - helps create Indochinese Communist Party • 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam • Vietminh—organization that aims to rid Vietnam of foreign rule • carried out thousands of assassinations of South Vietnamese government officials. • Sept. 1945, Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam an independent nation NEXT

Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent!!! France Returns!! September 1945 Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent!!!

Vietnam’s Independence Guided Reading: 1. What did the Vietminh declare as its main goal? Vietnam’s Independence

1880s – WWII France ruled Indochina

That Vietnam was an independent nation Guided Reading: Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 2. What did Ho chi Minh declare after Japan was forced out? That Vietnam was an independent nation

1950, U.S. begins economic aid to France to stop communism NEXT

Ho Chi Minh Will fight from the North

Vowed to fight from North Vietnam to liberate the South. Guided Reading: Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 3. How did Ho Chi Minh respond to the return of the French? Vowed to fight from North Vietnam to liberate the South.

MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS A – How and why did the United States support France’s Vietnam War efforts? The US provided France with economic and military support. The goals were to keep France as an ally and to keep communism from spreading.

Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 4. Whom did the U.S. support? France

America Supports France in Vietnam President Truman provides $15 million in military & financial aid By 1954 the U.S. is paying 80% of French war costs No U.S. combat troops

Economic aid (for military purposes) Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 5. What aid did the U.S. provide? Economic aid (for military purposes)

The Vietminh Drive Out the French • Domino theory—countries can fall to communism like row of dominoes • 1954, Vietminh overrun French at Dien Bien Phu; France surrenders • Geneva Accords divide Vietnam at 17th parallel; Communists get north • Election to unify country called for in 1956 NEXT

The Domino Theory led countries to believe that if one fell the rest would fall too.

To prevent another Asian country from becoming Communist. Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 6. Why did the U.S. get involved in the struggle? To prevent another Asian country from becoming Communist.

Eisenhower Supports Diem

Countries verging on communism Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 7. What did Eisenhower compare to a row of dominos? Countries verging on communism

Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954 French troops defeated at Dien Bien Phu America Supports France in Vietnam

Surrendered; pulled out of Vietnam. Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 8. What did this Vietminh victory cause the French to do? Surrendered; pulled out of Vietnam.

Geneva Accords (1954) peace settlement Temporary division of Vietnam at the 17th parallel Ho Chi Minh governs the North from Hanoi Anti-communist regime governs the South from Saigon France must withdraw its troops in S. Vietnam 1956 democratic elections to unite country under one gov’t

Divided it along the 17th parallel. Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 9. How did the Geneva Accords change Vietnam? Divided it along the 17th parallel.

The United States Steps In Diem Cancels Elections Ho has brutal, repressive regime but is popular for land distribution S. Vietnam’s anti-Communist president Ngo Dinh Diem refuses election U.S. promises military aid for stable, reform government in South Diem corrupt, stifles opposition, restricts Buddhism • Vietcong (Communist opposition group in South) kills officials Ho sends arms to Vietcong along Ho Chi Minh Trail NEXT

HO Chi Minh (North Vietnam) Communist Redistributed land to the peasants Brutal & repressive Supported by the Soviet Union & China Popular support in North Vietnam Fought the French, Japanese and Americans for an independent Vietnam

Ngo Dinh Diem (South Vietnam) Anti-communist Devout catholic, restricted Buddhist practices Corrupt & suppressed opposition Cancelled the 1956 democratic elections Supported by the U.S.

MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS B – Why did the United States support canceling elections? Because it appeared that Ho Chi Minh would win the election and possibly unify Vietnam under communism

President Diem(S.V.), with U.S. support; Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 10. Who cancelled the Vietnamese elections? Why? President Diem(S.V.), with U.S. support; b/c feared that ho Chi Minh (N.V) and the Communist would win.

675 U.S. Army advisors sent by 1960. Kennedy and Vietnam Like Eisenhower, JFK backs Diem financially; sends military advisers Diem’s popularity plummets from corruption, lack of land reform 675 U.S. Army advisors sent by 1960. NEXT

Repressive dictatorial rule by Diem Diem’s family holds all power Wealth is hoarded by the elite Buddhist majority persecuted Torture, lack of political freedom prevail

Repressive dictatorial rule by Diem Diem starts the policy strategic hamlet program Is designed to fight the growing popularity of the Vietcong villagers resent being moved from ancestral homes

Repressive dictatorial rule by Diem Self-Emolation by a Buddhist Monk Diem presses attacks on Buddhism; monks burn themselves in protest

MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS C – Why was the Diem regime unpopular? Corruption, repressive tactics, and persecution of Buddhists.

Nguyen Van Thieu Assasinates/ replaces Ngo Dinh Diem U.S.-supported military coup topples government; Diem assassinated In order to obtain a more popular leader to unite the South Vietnamese against communism, President Kennedy agreed to allow the CIA to provide a group of South Vietnamese generals with $40,000 to carry out a coup to eliminate Ngo Dinh Diem. With the promise that US forces would make no attempt to protect Diem, the Vietnamese generals assassinated him.

President Johnson Expands the Conflict The South Grows More Unstable Succession of military leaders rule S. Vietnam; country unstable NEXT

LBJ thinks U.S. can lose international prestige if communists win

President Johnson Expands the Conflict Aug. 7 1964 – Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gives President Johnson war like powers w/o a declaration of war.

The Tonkin Gulf Resolution Alleged attack in Gulf of Tonkin; LBJ asks for power to repel enemy 1964 Tonkin Gulf Resolution gives him broad military powers

1965 - 8 Americans killed, LBJ orders sustained bombing of North U.S. combat troops sent to S. Vietnam to battle Vietcong NEXT

V. President Johnson Expands the Conflict March 1965 – 1st American “combat” troops begin arriving in S. Vietnam June 1965 – 50,000 U.S. soldiers were battling the Vietcong Dec. 1965 – 180,000 American “combat” troops in Vietnam fighting the Vietcong 61% of Americans favor U.S./Vietnam policy Dec. 1967 – U.S. troop levels in Vietnam climb to 500,000

MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS D – How did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution lead to greater involvement in the Vietnam War? It gave Johnson wide authority to widen the war.

Broad military powers in Vietnam. Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 11. What authority did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution grant to the U.S. president? Broad military powers in Vietnam.

Feb. 1965 – The 1st sustained U. S Feb. 1965 – The 1st sustained U.S. bombing of Vietnam begins w/ Operation Rolling Thunder

1st bombing of North Vietnam Guided Reading: Guided Reading: 12. What did operation Rolling Thunder do in North Vietnam? 1st bombing of North Vietnam

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