The Cold War 1945-1991 Lecture 1 Standard 10.9.1.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War 1945-1991 Lecture 1 Standard 10.9.1

Standard 10.9.1 Compare the economic and military power shifts caused by the war, including the Yalta Pact, the development of nuclear weapons, Soviet control over Eastern European nations, and the economic recoveries of Germany and Japan. Essential Question: What was the conflict at the root of the Cold War?

The Rise of the Superpowers WWII left only two countries with the military strength & resources to be called superpowers… USA & USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) Before WW2 there were a number of countries which could have claimed to be superpowers – USA, USSR,GB, France, Japan, Germany.

Why the Allies Split Democracy (Capitalist) Communism United States Soviet Union Democracy (Capitalist) Communism Unify Germany Keep Germany Divided Common enemy (Germany) defeated

1945 Yalta Conference Divided Germany into 4 zones Free elections in Eastern Europe Stalin ignored this & made eastern satellite (puppet) nations protection from western invasion Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechs, Romania, Poland, & Yugoslavia

Iron Curtain – Winston Churchill: separation of Communist countries of Eastern Europe from the Capitalist countries of Western Europe

Policy of Containment Stop the spread of communism The Truman Doctrine 1947 US was prepared to intervene throughout the world to protect democracy against communism… Lending equipment, advice, & military force Signalled the end of “isolationism”

THE MARSHALL PLAN 1948 Aided European nations w/ 12.5 billion in order to rebuild the economy and combat the spread of communism Stalin hated Marshall Aid!! Eastern European countries couldn't touch any of this $$$ West Berlin/Greece/Turkey/China/ Korea/Vietnam 17 billion dollars Goods made by American firms

Rival Alliances 1949-(North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NATO: defensive military alliance to combat (fight) communism 1955- Warsaw Pact: (Stalin’s Pact) protect/control communist countries of eastern Europe 1955-(Southeast Asia Treaty Organization) SEATO: stabilize aggression in Korea & Indochina (fight off communism) Warsaw Pact~ 8 countries NATO:US & 16 other countries)

Democracy vs. Communism “One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions…free elections…and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression…fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.” Harry S. Truman Speech to Congress 1947.

Lecture 1 Quiz Name two reasons why the U.S and the U.S.S.R went their separate ways? How did Stalin ignore the Yalta Conference? Name 3 satellite countries. In your own words-what is the Iron Curtain? The Truman Doctrine? What countries did not benefit from the Marshall Plan? What is the purpose of NATO & SEATO?