Luca Alinovi Senior Economist, FAO

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The EU and Resilience. Core EU Document Document Overview 1.The need to address chronic vulnerability 2.The resilience paradigm 3.The EU’s experience.
Advertisements

 Emergencies can happen anywhere, any time  It doesn’t matter how developed a country is, or wealthy or prepared.   Impact on communities  Disruption.
1.2. Food Security Fundamentals
Vulnerability and Global Change. Vulnerability Defencelessness, insecurity (internal vulnerability); exposure to risk, shock (external vulnerability)
Beyond Relief: Food Security in Protracted Crises ODI Event 25 th September 2008 presented by Luca Alinovi and Luca Russo.
Food Security Situation and Response Analysis driven by FS Analysis Maswa DC experience.
Lobbying for Food Security: FAO advocacy interventions
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND RESILIENCE FOR FOOD SECURITY The First Arab Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction March, 2013 Carlo Scaramella WFP Deputy Regional.
Sustainable Livelihoods What is it all about? Aims of this session You will : *be familiar with the SL principles and SL framework *See where CNR fits.
Intelligence Unit 6 - Mandates for Action Policy exerts a powerful influence on public health nutrition (PHN) practice because it affects:  service delivery.
TAFAD’s Agenda for FAC Reform.  Formed in 2005 to promote reform of international food aid governance  Most major European and North American food aid.
Food Security and Institutions in Protracted Crises: Enhancing Food Systems Resilience Challenges for GECAFS Research Arising from Case Studies in DRC,
SOUTH SUDAN Food Security and Livelihoods and Nutrition cluster linkages 18th July 2014 Juba.
Principles that guide humanitarian work. Humanity Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found. Particular attention to the most vulnerable.
Mainstreaming human mobility in adaptation to climate change policies and actions TADDESSE BEKELE FANTA ETHIOPIA.
Advanced EFSA Learning Programme Session 1.2. WFP Conceptual Framework: Food and Nutrition Security.
Reducing Vulnerability at the Community Level Jo-Ellen Parry, Program Manager Adaptation in Eastern and Southern Africa.
RESILIENCE IN PROTRACTED CRISES Brussels Development Briefings 4 March 2013 Dominique Burgeon Director, Emergency and Rehabilitation Division.
LRAP: Lessons for the Region Scott Drimie. Introduction Deriving lessons from LRAP for the region: An example of “good practice” Engages vulnerability.
Rural poverty reduction: IFAD’s role and focus Consultation on the 7 th replenishment of IFAD’s resources.
Aid effectiveness in fragile states Integrating the Paris Declaration principles into development programming.
Achieving the SDGs Social Protection for Rural Poverty Reduction Rob Vos Director Social Protection Division and Coordinator Rural Poverty Reduction SPIAC-B,
From relief to development Geneva, Transforming crisis into opportunities for sustainable development UN-HABITAT.
Daniel Kull Senior Disaster Risk Management Specialist Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) World Bank Geneva, 19 November, 2012.
Gender in Humanitarian Aid Different Needs, Adapted Assistance Commission Staff Working Document July 2013.
Humanitarian Food Assistance Policy PURPOSE OF THE COMMUNICATION:  Maximise effectiveness and efficiency of EU humanitarian food assistance  Improve.
Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO). Who they are An intergovernmental organization, FAO has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member.
Concern Worldwide’s Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction.
FFP Strategy Consultations: Social Protection and Safety Nets February 4, 2015.
THE LINKS BETWEEN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL POLICIES JOSÉ ANTONIO OCAMPO UNDER-SECRETARY GENERAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS.
Qualitative Approaches for Food and Nutrition Security Assessments Training Workshop Qualitative Approaches for FS Assessments – prepared with ECHO financial.
DFID – WFP Country Partnership Agreement 1 WFP and DFID Partnership Agreement …Towards greater collaboration.
TOWARDS AN AGENDA FOR GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY BRUSSELS RURAL DEVELOPMENT BRIEFING 15: DECEMBER 9 TH 2009 DAVID NABARRO UN SECRETARY GENERAL SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE.
IASC Task Force on Meeting Humanitarian Challenges in Urban Areas (MHCUA) Draft Strategic Framework TF meeting GVA Roger Zetter.
How can different types of livelihoods assistance be used in programming? Figure 2 represents several broad purposes of livelihoods assistance along a.
MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANK MEETING ON DEBT ISSUES The World Bank, Washington, DC, July 8 & 9, 2009 Impact of the global financial crisis on developing.
European CommissionD G Development TOWARDS A EU AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY POLICY Brussels Rural Development Briefings ‘From Global Food Crisis to Local.
Developing a session plan S3.1 session day Text Dimension 40 Arial BOLD Position: Horizontal 5.44 Vertical 2.40 Text Dimension 24 Arial BOLD ITALICS Position:
Introduction activity If we are all poor, Who is the poorest?
LECTURE 4: LIVELIHOOD AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT 10 th May 2011.
CCfER Training, 7 December, 2015 Integrated Early Recovery Programme Response.
Screen 1 of 22 Food Security Policies – Formulation and Implementation Establishment of a Food Security Policy Framework LEARNING OBJECTIVES Explain the.
Risk and Resilience ADDIS ABABA 15 TH JUNE Summary Overview 2 New Resilience Funding Livestock Value Chain Diversified Livelihood Opportunities.
SOMALIA BAY and BAKOOL Sub-National Food Security Cluster Meeting 30 th March 2016.
Livelihoods & Persons of Concern Background Nearly half of refugees in world today are caught in protracted situations with bleak durable solutions Increase.
CaLP Asia Cash Transfer Programming and Persons of Concern Workshop
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Climate Change Elements of the SADC Regional Agricultural Policy (RAP)
Sudan Food Security Sector Dashboard
Positioning agribusiness incubation within the CAADP framework
Lower Juba Sub-National Food Security Cluster Meeting
CARE Middle East & North Africa
Resilient Communities in Myanmar
HEALTH IN POLICIES TRAINING
Resilience concept of FAO Experiences of FAOSY in resilience building
START DEPP: Linking Preparedness Response and Resilience in Emergency Contexts   Community Resilience Building in Humanitarian Response; Insights from.
Land alienation, environmental degradation and food insecurity
The new European Consensus on Development
Session Situation Analysis Step 5 Chronic & Transitory Food Insecurity
Responding to protracted crises – the NMPACT model
Re-establish Access to Basic Services
Societal resilience analysis
RIMA Resilience Index Measurement and Analysis
UNHCR compound, Juba, South Sudan 13 – 15 November 2018
Climate Change Elements of the SADC Regional Agricultural Policy (RAP)
Yemen Towards early recovery
Information and outreach
DFID - Matthew Wyatt May 2019
The State of Food Insecurity in the World
The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework
Presentation transcript:

Luca Alinovi Senior Economist, FAO Addressing long term issues in humanitarian crisis contexts: Improving Food Security Analysis and Response Luca Alinovi Senior Economist, FAO

Expectations on Addressing Protracted Crises ECHO Food Assistance Policy, Moving towards addressing short and longer term concerns in protracted crises Relationship between humanitarian food assistance, rural livelihoods and food security, and mechanisms and strategies to restore and/or strengthen rural livelihoods and support resilience mechanisms particularly in protracted crises

Current limits in protracted crises context In such contexts, humanitarian responses, in particular food assistance, are often the only available tool for addressing the root causes of hunger and food crises even when they are structural in character and would require correspondingly more structural and longer-term interventions

Relations between humanitarian food assistance, livelihoods and food security Humanitarian food assistance can also be used to protect and strengthen the livelihoods of a crisis-affected population, to prevent or reverse negative coping mechanisms (such as the sale of productive assets, or the accumulation of debts) that could engender either short-term or longer-term harmful consequences for their livelihood base, their food-security status or their nutritional status (see COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, Humanitarian Food Assistance 31.3.2010) .

Operational Implication Needs for having flexible tools to address livelihoods needs, taking in consideration: Seasons capacity development adaptations and changes results more than outputs

Principles Humanitarian principles are proven to be very effective in driving humanitarian interventions In developmental conditions, however developmental objectives are the driving forces under which different principles should be applied (sustainability, participation, empowerment etc) And In longer term crises??

Key Issues

Issue 1: Institutions Failing institutions and related conflicts over resources are the driving factors of crises and food insecurity. Institutional dysfunction started before the conflicts and fuelled the conflicts (e.g. Eastern DRC land tenure issues-capitalisation of land Kinshasa led that impacted on food insecurity and then land utilised to reinforce militia power base) The prolonged nature of the crises impacted heavily on informal institutions (e.g. in Sudan on Dinka Kinship mechanism were weakened by the magnitude and duration of the 1998 crises. The famine of breaking relationship. Or the impact of the conflicts on traditional natural resources regulatory mechanisms (Somalia and Sudan) Adapting institutions to the crisis such as rural markets in Jubba (a process ignored by the international community)

Issue 2: The Policy Environment Informal policy processes and the political environment are downplayed or misunderstood. a purposive course of action followed by an actor or a set of actors” (Anderson, 1994) International community downplays informal policy processes and the political environment Formal policies are often of little relevance in a crisis context Informal policies: food aid used to reach consensus and feed militias in Sudan ARS in Nuba mountain instrumental to GOSS policies of depopulating SPM controlled area Food aid as a tool to strengthen local social network (Dinka policy priority) contrasts with WFP targeting mechanisms

Issue 3: Local Responses Affected communities are already acting for the long term and not merely waiting for the “emergency to be over”. Yet, mainstream analytical frameworks are hardly ever appropriate in this respect. Rural markets in Somalia Financial markets in Somalia Chambres de paix in DRC Changing trading patterns in DRC Food aid utilised as mean to strengthen local social safety network in Sudan

Issue 4: Delivery Mechanisms Coordination is crucial but rarely enforced. Involving local institutions and partners is the exception rather than the rule. NMPACT rules of engagement subscribed by all partners Fear of humanitarian community to involve local partners because of neutrality concerns and related missed opportunities( e.g. chambres de paix to deal with land issues in DRC)

Issue 5: Time Matters The protracted nature of the crises led to a sustained erosion of livelihoods and to structural vulnerability. Several long-term adaptation mechanisms exist - but food systems’ resilience is a concern. ‘the measure of a system to remain stable or to adapt to new situation without undergoing catastrophic changes in its basic functions’ (Pingali et al, 2005). Coping versus adaptation mechanisms Short-term strategies are usually referred to as coping strategies, and include ‘temporary responses to declining food entitlements [that] are characteristic of structurally secure livelihood systems’ (Davies, 1996). Adaptation strategies in contrast are longer term, and defined as the process of ‘changes to livelihoods which either enhance existing security and wealth or try to reduce vulnerability and poverty’, including the ‘diversification’ of assets and income sources in anticipation of future shocks (Davies and Houssain, 1997) Changes of livelihoods basis (from fish to farm in DRC from livestock to agriculture in Jubba) or of farming systems (Nuba) but regulating mechanisms/institutions not in place several long term adaptation mechanisms - but food systems’ resilience a concern

Issue 6: Food Security Perceived as a Humanitarian Problem Only Short-term responses based on humanitarian paradigms dominated and had an impact on longer-term food security whilst development paradigms have been applied uncritically. Most responses aimed at increasing the supply side dimension of food security only Providing fishing equipment in lake Edward further contributing to the depletion of fishing resources (the real problem Providing free seed in Juba Somalia when markets (and seed markets) were functioning Application of development paradigms such a participation in Somalia and ignoring clan politics and related

Addressing protracted crises More than 80% of the current humanitarian funding support responses in protracted crises the type of needs to be addressed often embraces a mix of chronic and transient/acute needs often the root causes of these events are a mix of chronic factors and the effects of immediate triggers (natural disaster, conflict)

Key messages Recognising that humanitarian food assistance is part of a broader food security agenda. Recognising that humanitarian food assistance must be linked to underlying and/or longer term issues. Recognising that humanitarian food assistance should not take place in isolation and must be coupled with efforts to tackle the underlying and root causes of hunger and food insecurity.