Objective & Standard I can explain the importance of the Medieval Catholic church as a political, intellectual, and aesthetic institution. SPI 7.39 Explain the importance of the Catholic church as a political, intellectual, and aesthetic institution, including founding of universities, political and spiritual roles of the clergy, creation of monastic and mendicant religious orders, preservation of the Latin language and religious texts, Thomas Aquinas’s synthesis of classical philosophy with Christian theology and the concept of “natural law.”

Activity for Learning Target 7.39 Fold your paper in half (hamburger style) Divide the front into 3 equal sections. Label each section as shown in the diagram. Using your notes and text book: Fill in each section of the inside, uncut area for each topic. POLITICAL INTELLECTUAL AESTHETIC

The Catholic Church For most Western European people, the Church was the center of their lives The bishop of Rome (now called the Pope) was the spiritual authority over European Christians

The Christian Church was central to life in the Middle Ages. The Christian Church shaped society and politics in medieval Europe. Orders of monks and friars did not like the church’s political nature. Church leaders helped build the first universities in Europe. The Church influenced the arts in medieval Europe.

The Church as a Political Institution The pope and other Catholic leaders had significant influence in medieval Europe. The Church directly controlled some land and wealth (some people left their land to the Church when they died). Some bishops and abbots got so involved in politics that they spent little time dealing with religious matters.

The Catholic Church The Catholic Church taught that all people were sinners and dependent on God’s grace to go to heaven The only way to get this was by taking part in the sacraments (church rituals) that were controlled by the Church

Religion and Society (cont.) The Church and Society Religion and Society (cont.) People went to church to partake in the sacraments, or Church rituals.

The Sacraments are: Baptism Confirmation Penance Holy orders The Lord’s Supper (Communion) Matrimony Anointing the Sick

The Lord’s Supper The communion (Lord’s supper) commemorated Jesus’ death and sacrifice of dying on the cross to save people from their sin Communion is taken at the Catholic ritual weekly service known as Mass

Catholic Mass The Mass was said in Latin, a language few people understood Few could read or write and very few actually read the Bible For common people, the services were very hard to understand

Church Organization Pope in Rome Archbishops (regions) Bishops (major cities) Priests (manors and villages) Monks and nuns (monasteries) Religious community I may run four of these on a page so students can glue a ¼ page in their WHN.

The Church as a Political Institution Some people did not like the political involvement of the Catholic Church. Monks and nuns decided to live away from many other people and devote their lives to religious studies and following strict rules. Friars were people who belonged to a religious group but lived and worked among the general public. They traveled around preaching and begging for food (mendicant orders). Their main goal was to teach people how to live good Christian lives.

DO NOW 1/30/2019 Which of the details best supports the topic sentence, “The Catholic Church believed they needed to intervene in the Holy Land to protect Christian pilgrims”? Explain why you chose that answer! In the late 1000s through a group of these Christian travelers, word spread that an army of Turkish Muslims attacked Jerusalem and the Holy land was no longer safe for Christians. These attacks soon spread northwest into the Byzantine Empire. The Orthodox Emperor there requested aid from Catholic Pope Urban III who quickly agreed. He [Pope Urban] then sent word throughout Europe for nobles to stop squabbling with each other over land and to unite against the Muslim Turks who had stolen away the Holy Land.

Monasteries Monasteries are like churches where monks live. A monk lives a life of service to God A monks life includes work, meditation, and prayer

Monks Monks dressed in simple robes of coarse material. Most monasteries required vows of prayer and silence. Women could do the same in convents, but focused on spinning, weaving, and medicinal herbs. Monte Cassino Monastery

Monks & Nuns Although monks and nuns lived apart from society, they were important in society. They taught reading and writing, preserved and copied religious texts, and ran hospitals for the needy. In 597, the Pope Gregory I sent monks to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons.

Rise of the Catholic Church By the mid-1000’s, most of Western Europe was Catholic. The Church had its own courts and laws. They could keep people out of heaven by preventing them from receiving the sacraments. The Church received donations of land from kings who wanted to ensure salvation. The church owned 1/3 of all land in Europe.

Church Power over People Excommunication Give lands to the faithful Allow faithful people to be appointed to Church offices Cash money ($$$)

The Church as an Intellectual Institution Students were trained for the priesthood at schools attached to the cathedrals. Gradually, schools were set up to provide further education and universities began. Most teachers in the universities were members of the clergy. Students studied religion, law, medicine, astronomy, and other subjects. All classes were taught in the Latin language.

The Church as an Intellectual Institution Sorbonne University, Paris Founded 1257

Medieval Culture (cont.) The Church and Society Medieval Culture (cont.) Oxford University was one of the first universities established in Europe. University students studied grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy for four to six years. College graduates could continue their education and earn a doctorate in law, medicine, or theology, the study of religion and God.

Medieval Culture (cont.) The Church and Society Medieval Culture (cont.) Thomas Aquinas was a Dominican friar and priest. He was famous for his contributions to scholasticism. This was a new way of thinking that changed theology studies. Aquinas combined Church teachings with the ideas of Aristotle.

Medieval Culture (cont.) The Church and Society Medieval Culture (cont.) He also wrote about natural law, which is the belief that some laws are part of human nature. Latin was the language of educated people in Europe during the Middle Ages. Everyday languages of local people were called vernacular. Vernacular literature began in the Middle Ages.

The Church as an Aesthetic Institution The Church had a strong influence on art and architecture. Cathedrals were large churches that were built in the Gothic architectural style. Monks created illuminated manuscripts. b4

The Church and Society Medieval Culture Architecture of the Middle Ages reflected the importance of religion. People built large churches, called cathedrals. Two popular architectural styles of that time are called Romanesque and Gothic.

Cathedrals: Canterbury, England

Cathedrals: Notre Dame, Paris b7

Illuminated Manuscripts: The Book of Kells

Church Reform By 900 AD, many Christians were calling for Church reform. This began in Monasteries. One of the most important changes occurred in 1059. The Church said that political leaders could no longer participate in the election of the Pope. “Cardinals” would now elect the Pope, rather than secular (non-church) authorities.

Friars & Reform Friars who were wandering preachers that encouraged further reform in the 1200s. They followed monastic rules but lived among common people to preach.

Inquisition In 1215, Pope Innocent III tried to reform the Church. He convened a council that condemned drunkenness, feasting, and dancing among Church officials. To seek out and punish heretics, the Church set up a court in 1232 known as the Inquisition. Sponsored by Budweiser

Exit Ticket What is Catholic Mass? What is the name of the building monks live in? List 1 example of power that the Catholic Church had. Name 1 of the Catholic reform movements.