Migrations Out of Africa

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Presentation transcript:

Migrations Out of Africa Slide Set #26D Tim Roufs’ section Migrations Out of Africa

III “Eve” II “Eve” “Eve” I

“Eve” “Eve” I

Homo sapiens Homo erectus Homo habilis Australopithecus “Moderns” Neandertals Homo sapiens Homo erectus Pleistocene Homo habilis Australopithecus

Migrations 3. The Genographic Project 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA) ca. 60,000 ybp Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based) 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA) ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp 1. Homo erectus migrations ca. 1.8 mya

Time 23 July 2001

Time 23 July 2001

Homo erectus Orrorin Ardipithecus Australopithecus Paranthropus Homo tugenensis ramidus anamensis afarensis africanus garhi aethiopicus boisei robustus rudolfensis ( “early” ) habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens

Homo rudolfensis ( “early” ) Homo habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens Genus Homo Species rudolfensis ( “early” ) habilis ( “early” ) erectus Java (Trinil) Pithecanthropus erectus China (Beijing) Homo erectus pekinensis Africa . . . Europe . . . sapiens

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 238

The First Men (Time-Life, 1973), p. 111

Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p

Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p

“Eve” II “Eve” “Eve”

“Did We Come Out of Africa? Studies Collide” “Out of Africa” vs. [“Replacement Theory”] vs. “Multi-Regional” Theory New York Times (12 January 2001)

Migrations 3. The Genographic Project 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA) ca. 60,000 ybp Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based) 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA) ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp 1. Homo erectus migrations ca. 1.8 mya

Migration II: Homo sapiens sapiens 150,000 – 200,000 ybp Time 23 July 2001

Migration II: Homo sapiens sapiens 150,000 – 200,000 ybp Time 23 July 2001

Homo rudolfensis ( “early” ) Homo habilis ( “early” ) erectus sapiens Genus Homo Species rudolfensis ( “early” ) habilis ( “early” ) erectus Java (Trinil) Pithecanthropus erectus China (Beijing) Homo erectus pekinensis Africa . . . Europe . . . sapiens

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 284

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p 326

Migrations “Eve Theory” A. “Out of Africa” aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory” aka “The Complete Replacement Model” Rebecca Caan Christopher Stringer vs. B. Multiregional Hypothesis aka “The Regional Continuity Model” Millard Wolpoof

Migrations “The Partial Replacement Model” begins with African early archaic includes components of regional continuity, hybridization, and replacement, with the emphasis on replacement the disappearance of archaic humans was due to both hybridization and replacement, and was a gradual and complex process Günter Bräuer

Migrations “Eve Theory” A. “Out of Africa” aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory” aka “The Complete Replacement Model” Rebecca Caan Christopher Stringer vs. B. Multiregional Hypothesis aka “The Regional Continuity Model” Millard Wolpoof

Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465. “Multiregional hypothesis” “Out of Africa” model “Eve” Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.

Migrations “Eve Theory” A. “Out of Africa” aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory” aka “The Complete Replacement Model” Rebecca Caan Christopher Stringer vs. B. Multiregional Hypothesis aka “The Regional Continuity Model” Millard Wolpoof

Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465. “Multiregional hypothesis” “Out of Africa” model “Eve” Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.

III “Eve” “Eve” “Eve”

Migrations 3. The Genographic Project 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA) ca. 60,000 ybp Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based) 2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA) ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp 1. Homo erectus migrations ca. 1.8 mya

https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html

https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html

https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/ Venus of Willendorf c. 24,000 ybp https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/ Roufs DNA results ID # = FW35F6VQRR https://www9.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/report.html

Homo erecti are hand axe people Homo erectus REM Homo erecti are hand axe people

Homo erectus REM Homo erecti are hand axe people But . . . did some leave Africa before the invention of the hand axe?

Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 334. The “Movius Line” bamboo area Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 334.