Education of migrant children in the Netherlands

Introduction: Boudien Bakker: National counselor for newcomers education Experienced as director of a primary school

Content: Participation of migrant children in the Dutch education system Role of the government local and nationwide; Role of school inspection & national research; Development & future steps.

End of school test and selection secondary school DUTCH schoolsystem End of school test and selection secondary school Daycare 0-2 2-4 (with Preschool Program) Primary Education Secondary Education VMBO HAVO VWO Tertiary Education MBO HBO University Enrolment and selection primary school Multiple Tracks

DUTCH Primary schoolsystem Compulsory education starts at age of 5 but almost all children start the day they turn 4 All schools are free because they are state funded. Most schools ask an annual parental contribution (for school trips etc.) Primary school typical schedule. Morning  8.30 - 11.45     afternoon   12.45 - 14.45                           Wednesday  8.30 - 12.30      Or Monday-Friday continual schedule 8.30 – 14.00   For 40 weeks a year. Primary school with extra support For students who needs support in multiple areas (learning, physical, mental)  Special (needs) education For students age 4-12 with different specializations(visual, hearing, learning problems, behavioural problems)

FACTS: + 6200 Primary Schools > 1000 Schools with migrant children and increasing. 99% of the schools in the Netherlands are public schools.  These schools are funded by the government and run by schoolboards. Freedom to form a school and to determine the principles on which te base a school (religion, ideology). Schools with migrant children are labled by the school inspection.

More FACTS: Mai 2018  60 asylum centers Many children at common primary schools & newcomers classes Children of Expats or European workers or Asylumseekers children NEWCOMERS

Entry migrant children at the age of 4-17

Newcomers classes Reception classes: Category 1  connected to a refugee centre Category 2  several newcomers classes at a regular primaray school Category 3  one class with newcomers Category 4  newcomers spread all over the school Children need to learn the Dutch language Transition classes (temporary) Small diverse classes (11-16 Pupils) No inclusive approach

Everybody learns individually on his/her own level Thorough interview and Intake Children need time to adjust Many language lessons: Working on Dutch vocabulary Practising to speak Dutch Practising to read Dutch Mathematics and its concepts After a certain amout of time regular school special education continued

Autonomy by the local school & schoolboard P O R T

Regulations National Government & Local Government No strong stearing Financer of the Dutch education system; Extra financing for 2 years, special for newcomers; Signals problems - coöperatieve thinking; Financing special projects f.i. Consultation with the schoolboards about the housing of schools; Consultation with the schoolboards how to organise local education; Special funding for special schools with newcomers; Special transportation for newcomers children with cab of bus.

THE SCHOOL INSPECTION The inspectorate has a framework schools have to meet on: Measuring student development Pedagogical methods of teachers/school (Extra) support for students. Cooperation (within and outside school). Testing and evaluating protocols Safety and school climate Student results Social and civic competences Success in further career Quality control and ambitions Accountability  and dialogue Financial management (board)

Research and Development Till April 2014 no particular developments High increase of refugees Many new special schools, at refugee centres Knowlegde needed - Knowlegde spread Special funding National Government At the highest peak: 100 asylum centers

Recent Research National Education Council  Every refugee child has the right to go to school;  Coöperation needed between schools, national government, school inspection;  More special knowledge & education materials needed. EDINA (Education of International Newly Arrived migrant pupils)  International project Finnland, Belgium, The Netherlands – City of Rotterdam;  Research how to support schools with migrant children;  Developped a website & tools for spreading knowledge. National School Inspection  Research of the quality education for newcommers;  Advised to do better on organisation & knowledge;  Migration to regular classes. Several Books and Research documents

Recent Development March – May 2017 Important Guide with new perspective about education to migrant children. Written by a group of Language Lecturers all over the country, Researchers of Universities & Colleges. Research: - 2nd language & language didactics - mulit-year integration model

New focus on learning 2nd language. Tips and clues for the teacher, school director, school boards and local government. Introduction new concepts: Daily common language Academic language Scaffolding Average 5 years to learn 2nd language Using home-language Integration migrant children a.s.a.p. regular school

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