-is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies -is made up of those people who exercise its powers, all those who have authority and control over people.

-democracy -dictatorship -autocracy But what do they mean? How can we tell them apart?

Roots “-archy” “-cracy” -To rule -to govern -to organize

-refers to a person or object Roots “-crat” “-arch” -refers to a person or object

There are two main types of government: Autocracy and Democracy

“Auto-” = sole or single “Auto-” + “-cracy” = Autocracy Autocracy: “A sole or single person rules” A government in which one person possesses unlimited power; - The authority or rule of an autocrat

1) Dictatorships- one person takes control of a country 1) Dictatorships- one person takes control of a country. Supported by the military, businesses or landowners (Ex: Hitler) 2)Oligarchy- government in which the power to rule is by a small group of people

3) Absolute monarchy- king or queen with total power 3) Absolute monarchy- king or queen with total power. No constitutional restriction. 4) Constitutional monarchy- king or queen is head of state, but bound by a constitution (normally have a Parliamentary system) (Ex: England today)

Monarch “Mon(o)-” = one or single “Mon(o)” + “arch” = Monarch Monarchy = only one rules -A monarch can have absolute power or limited power.

So... Where’s communism? Communism is a political theory where everyone works (gets paid) based on abilities and needs, and all property is owned publicly so it can be divided. It isn’t really it’s own government– often dictators will incorporate communism into their government

“Demo-” = people “Demo-” + “-cracy” = Democracy Democracy : “ the people rule” -A government by the people, esp: rule of the majority - A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them indirectly through a system of representation

1) Direct democratic- everyone votes on everything (Athens, Native Americans) -began in Greek times (columns on buildings represent democracy) 2) Indirect democratic (Democratic Republic)- people vote others to write laws. (congressmen and senators) -began in Rome (domes on buildings represent republicanism)

Who has the power? Democratic: -ALL people follow the laws - NO ONE is above the laws Autocratic: -one or few people are above the law (dictator)

To govern = Democracy To rule = Autocracy To organize = Bureaucracy