Volume 75, Issue 1, Pages (January 2009)

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Volume 75, Issue 1, Pages 52-59 (January 2009) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 regulates neutrophil influx during acute pyelonephritis Joris J.T.H. Roelofs, Gwendoline J.D. Teske, Peter I. Bonta, Carlie J.M. de Vries, Joost C.M. Meijers, Jan J. Weening, Tom van der Poll, Sandrine Florquin Kidney International Volume 75, Issue 1, Pages 52-59 (January 2009) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.454 Copyright © 2009 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Renal PAI-1 is upregulated during E. coli-induced acute pyelonephritis. (a) PAI-1 protein levels in kidney homogenates were measured by ELISA at 24 and 48 h after inoculation. Data are mean±s.e.m., *P<0.05 vs sham mice. In situ hybridization for murine PAI-1 mRNA was performed on paraffin slides of sham (b) and infected kidneys (c–e). Arrows indicate the urothelial cell layer of the renal pelvis. Twenty-four hours after infection, positive signal in black. Original magnifications: × 40. Kidney International 2009 75, 52-59DOI: (10.1038/ki.2008.454) Copyright © 2009 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Higher bacterial outgrowth in PAI-1-/- mice. At T=24 h and T=48 h after inoculation, PAI-1-/- kidneys (•) contain higher E. coli CFU than WT kidneys (○). Horizontal lines represent medians, *P<0.05; **P<0.01. Kidney International 2009 75, 52-59DOI: (10.1038/ki.2008.454) Copyright © 2009 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 PAI-1-/- mice show lower neutrophil influx during acute pyelonephritis. (a) Photomicrographs of WT and PAI-1-/- renal tissue, 24 h after infection. The upper panels show an overview of the pelvis region. The lower panels show a detail of the urothelial cell layer of the renal pelvis. H&E staining, original magnifications: × 4 (upper) and × 40 (lower). (b) Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured in kidney homogenates by ELISA. Data are mean±s.e.m., *P<0.05. (c) Peripheral blood leukocytes (WBC) were counted using a hemocytometer. Data are mean±s.e.m., P=NS. Kidney International 2009 75, 52-59DOI: (10.1038/ki.2008.454) Copyright © 2009 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Higher plasma KC levels in PAI-1-/- mice. Plasma KC levels were determined at 24 and 48 h after inoculation by ELISA. Data are mean±s.e.m., *P<0.05. Kidney International 2009 75, 52-59DOI: (10.1038/ki.2008.454) Copyright © 2009 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions