Circulatory System Functions Respiratory – O2 and CO2 exchange Excretory – removes waste from body cells Protection – clotting, transports white blood cells to infections Nutrition – carries energy and food throughout the body Regulatory – helps to maintain pH and temperature Hormonal – transfers hormones to organs Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Aorta Heart Circulation Pulmonary Arteries- to lungs Pulmonary Veins Cranial Vena Cava Left Atrium Right Atrium Caudal Vena Cava Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Major Veins Jugular veins Cephalic veins Right axillary vein Right brachial vein Cranial vena cava Caudal vena cava Renal vein Ovarian vein Testicular vein Right external iliac Femoral vein Saphenous vein Caudal vein Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Major Arteries Facial arteries Common carotid arteries Right axillary Right brachial Brachiocephalic Aorta Pulmonary artery Mesenteric arteries Renal artery Ovarian artery Testicular artery Right external iliac Femoral artery Caudal artery Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Structure of Blood Blood is composed of : 40% cells and %60 plasma The cells that in the blood are: Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Leukocytes (white blood cells) Platelets Laboratory Techniques TM

Erythrocyte (red blood cell) The most abundant blood cell Function – transport O2 throughout the body Mammals – no cell nucleus Birds & Reptiles –cell nucleus Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Neutrophil Function- to stop or slow down foreign organisms They work by: Phagocytosis – to eat bacteria and dead cells Bacteriocidal – to kill bacteria Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Basophil Functions – Phagocytosis Mediate allergic reactions Produce heparin and histamine Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Eosinophil Functions – Moderate the inflammatory response phagocytosis Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Lymphocyte & Monocyte Lymphocyte – plays a vital role in immunity T-cells (memory cells) – cells are sensitized to an antigen, remember that antigen and fight it off next time B-cells – divide to form many cells to fight an antigen Monocyte – largest blood cell Function is phagocytosis Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Thrombocyte Function – Hemostasis (clotting) – stop bleeding by adhering to damaged vessels and clumping together, release proteins that help form a clot Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Urinary System Urethra Ureter Urethra Ureter Kidney Kidney Bladder Bladder Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM The Kidney Cortex Medulla Renal artery Renal pelvis Ureter Renal capsule Laboratory Techniques TM

Laboratory Techniques TM Bowman’s capsule The Nephron Glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule Arterioles Distal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Collecting duct Laboratory Techniques TM