Testing of Pigments for Plastics

Testing of Pigments for Plastics Properties Importance Coloristic Properties Color Shade and Strength Heat Stability Suitability for polymer Limiting Concentrations Maximum operating temperatures at a particular concentration Filter Index Suitability for Fiber and film applications Migration Regulatory applications like FDA compliance Warpage Dimensional stability Film Note To test pigment dispersion on plastic film

Coloristic Properties Color Shade Defines the Hue and purity of a particular shade in comparison to a Standard. Color Strength Defines the intensity of a color at a particular concentration in TiO2.

Coloristic Properties- Evaluation at Sudarshan QC Test Method _LDPE Equipment: LDPE two roll mill Polymer: LDPE 2 MFI QC Test Method _PVC Equipment: Two Roll Mill Polymer: PVC K value- 67 Test Method: SUDA0711

Current QC Test Method Test Method :- SUDA0711 Mastication Time :- 8 min Temp. :- 130 +/- 5⁰C Full Tone :- Visual observation Tint :- Based on coloristic value ( DL, Da, Db, DC, DH +/- 0.7, DE ≤ 1.0) Strength :- 100 + /- 5%

Test Equipment for Current QC Test Method

Heat Stability The ability of a pigment to sustain a processing temperature in a polymer system without showing a significant change in color. Expressed as temperature . Generally at a particular temperature for 5 minute dwell time

Heat Stability- current test method Equipment: Injection Molding (Dr. Boy) Polymer: HDPE Polymer 8 MFI Test method (Cross Reference): DIN EN 53272 Test Temp. :- 200 to 300 ⁰C (increased mostly at 20 ⁰C interval) Dwell Time :- 5 min Result :- Temperature in ⁰C after 5 minutes dwell time at which discoloration with a color differentiation E*ab = 3

Single-Screw Extruders Hopper Heater bands Screw Barrel Die Extrudate ‘Plain’ screw Cooling fans

Test Equipment for Heat Stability

Filter Pressure Value The test determines ‘oversize’ of a pigment particles in a sample according to DIN EN 13900-5. The test is commonly used for QC of fiber master batches specially for Film, Tape, Fiber, Non-woven, Raffia, Carpet & Multifilament yarn application.

Labtech Filter Tester Filter tester head Computerized control of filter tester

Filter Pressure Value of PY 191 on 25 Micron

Poor pigment dispersion in PP yarn

Filter Pressure Value –Implemented in QC Product Code CI Name FPV (Bar/gm of pigment) Specification Sudaperm Yellow 2909 PY 180 0.94 ≤ 2.00 Sudafast Yellow 132 PY 191 0.44 Sudaperm Yellow 2925k PY 110 0.82 Sudaperm Yellow 2927 1.12 Sudaperm Orange 2917 PO 64 1.14 Sudacolor Red 5016 PR 53:1 1.78 Sudacolor Red 570 PR 48:3 0.28 Sudacolor Red 564 PR 48:2 0.54 Sudacolor Red 635 PR 57:1 1.04

Filter Pressure Value –Implemented in QC Product Code CI Name FPV (Bar/gm of pigment) Specification Sudafast Blue 2789 PB 15:3 0.60 ≤ 2.00 Sudafast Green 2730K PG 7 0.90 Sudafast Blue 2764 PB 15:1 0.66 Sudafast Yellow 132K PY 191 0.44 Sudaperm Red 2964TM PR 170 0.30 Sudacolor Red 554TM PR 48:2 0.20 Sudaperm Pink 2991 PR 122

Migration (SUDA0711) Current Test Method (Bleeding in PVC) Polymer PVC Pigment % 0.1 Test Temperature ⁰C 140 Test Time 2 hours Weight Applied --- Test result: Assessment with the grey scale for assessing staining level 1-5 according to ISO 105-A02

Warpage Warpage The distortion caused by non-uniform shrinkage within a part. Caused by some kind of stress induced during filling, packing, or cooling. Warpage is a complex phenomenon and is often caused by the combination of many forces. Cross Reference :- ISO 294-4

Warpage – Test method Method based on comparison of injection moulded plates 60 x 60 mm in HDPE with and without 0.1% pigment – 10 test plates Plates moulded at 220 °C and 280 °C Results: By measuring length and width between test plates in natural HDPE and colored with 0.1% pigment. Warpage factor is calculated and a warpage category is assigned.

Warpage category assessment 60 mm length 2.5 mm film gate 1.5 mm width % FV = x 100 % Slength - % Swidth % Swidth FV = Shrinkage % Slength = Length shrinkage in % vs. natural material % Swidth = Width shrinkage in % vs. natural material Warpage category: FV = 0 - 10 % = Note 1 - suitable FV = 10 - 20 % = Note 2 - limited suitability after pre-tests FV = > 20 % = Note 3 - not suitable

Low Warpage Product Product Code CI Name Warpage Class at 220 ⁰C Sudacolor Yellow 113 PY 62 1 -- Sudafast Yellow 132K PY 191 Sudaperm Yellow 2933 PY 139 Sudaperm Orange 2917 PO 64 2 Sudacolor Red 570 PR 48:3 Suadcolor Red 564 PR 48:2 Sudaperm Red 2963k PR 170 Sudaperm Red 2964 Sudaperm Red 2967k Sudaperm Red 2985 PV 19 Sudaperm Red 2953k PR 264 Sudaperm Pink 2991 PR 122

Sudaperm Pink 2991 (PR 122) Sudaperm Pink 2991

PV Fast Pink E (PR 122) PV Fast Pink E

Film Note This test procedure is designed to determine how quickly pigment agglomerates (un dispersed particle) will collect on the surface of plastic blown film as per std test method (DIN 13900-6). Observation Film Note Rating Assessment Film with no un-dispersed pigment particle 1 Excellent dispersion Film with some un-dispersed pigment particle (2 to 3 ) 2 Very good dispersion Film with acceptable un-dispersed pigment particle (4 to 5) 3 Good dispersion Film with too many un-dispersed pigment particle:    ( 6 to 15) 4 inferior dispersion Film with a lot of un-dispersed pigment particle:           5 Very bad dispersion

Test equipment for film note

Pigment test method for Plastic Application Thank You First choice for new formulations