Section 13.1: The Federal System 1

The Constitution and Federalism A federal system is where the central government and the states share power. In a federal system state and federal power is LIMITED The supremacy clause of the US Constitution says that the federal law outweighs all state laws. Vid 2

Delegated Powers (VENN DIAGRAM) Delegated powers are powers assigned to the federal government, such as Foreign policy Post Office Printing Money National Defense

States’ Protection by Constitution States are protected by the Constitution in several ways. No state can be divided or merged with another one without its permission. 4

States’ Protection by Constitution States have the right to maintain a militia- a military force called the National Guard. For example, the National Guard can be called to service if a natural disaster strikes. 5

States’ Limitations by Constitution The Constitution also limits what states can do. States are forbidden to: 1. Make treaties with foreign nations 2. Declare war 3. Keep an army or navy in peacetime 4. Issue, or coin, their own money 5. Impose taxes on imports 6

Reserved Powers (VENN DIAGRAM) Reserved powers are powers remaining for the people and the states, such as Marriage Traffic Laws Education Elections

Reserved Powers Each state is responsible for the public health, safety, and welfare of its citizens. States organize local governments for counties, cities, and towns. 8

Federal Supremacy Concurrent powers are shared by state and federal governments. For example, both may impose taxes and borrow money. They also can make laws and constitututions. 9

Governmental Cooperation Both state and federal governments fund a variety of programs. Usually the federal government provides grants-in-aid (awards for money) to the states to help them pay for some of their programs. States must follow rules set by Congress’ in order to receive these grants. 10

State Constitutions States have different constitutions because of their different beliefs about government. State constitutions are similar because they all have separation of powers between executive, legislative, and judicial. States constitutions also have their own Bill of Rights . 11

Florida Constitution Florida’s Bill of Rights are found in Article 1 and are referred to as Declaration of Rights. Some rights include religious freedom, freedom of speech and press, the right to bear arms, right to work, protection from imprisonment for debt, and the rights of the accused and of victims. vid "Laws that promote the common good"- laws are created to protect citizens and their communities.  12

State Constitutions State constitutions also establish different types of local governments, including counties, townships, and municipalities. States also can establish independent state agencies, boards, and commissions such as boards of education. 13