Types of Bureaucracies Bureaucracy

Why is there a federal bureaucracy? intro Why is there a federal bureaucracy?

Staff & Line Agencies Federal Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy Staff Agencies Staff Agencies They exist to assist the president They have major roles in helping to develop policy for POTUS They work to benefit the president primarily They usually don’t have to be approved by the Senate – the president can choose whoever he wants

Bureaucracy Staff Agencies Staff Agencies Council of Economic Advisors National Security Council Office of Management & Budget The Cabinet

Bureaucracy Line Agencies Line Agencies They have their own independent goals and jobs to perform They have major roles in helping to execute policy for the US They work to benefit the people primarily They are mostly independent of the president and Congress They will have to be approved by the Senate in most cases

Center for Disease Control Bureaucracy Line Agencies Line Agencies US Postal Service NASA Federal Reserve Center for Disease Control

Independent Regulatory Agencies Federal Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy Regulatory Independent Regulatory Agencies They are line agencies – they regulate independently Regulate – they help enforce the law Independent – they are not directly controlled by POTUS or Congress They are going to engage in some minor law making

Bureaucracy Regulatory Independent Regulatory Agencies The heads of these agencies are appointed by POTUS They can only be removed for cause – the president can’t all of a sudden disagree with their politics Some are “Commissions” or “Boards” so they are lead by a group instead of an individual In these cases, the terms are staggered and are often longer than the president’s term of office – he doesn’t pick them all

Bureaucracy Regulatory Independent Regulatory Agencies They engage in rule making – they make some details of regulations Their goal is to serve the public interest in a particular segment of the economy Since they play a role in policy making, they are lobbied by interest groups These agencies are also often a part of the “revolving door”

Bureaucracy Regulatory Independent Regulatory Agencies EPA: Environmental Protection Agency FEC: Federal Election Commission FCC: Federal Communication Commission The Fed: The Federal Reserve Bank

Cabinet Departments Federal Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy Cabinet Cabinet Departments They are staff agencies – they exist to help the president develop policy They both create and implement policy Each Dept. is led by a “Secretary” who is a member of the president’s Cabinet. They are chosen for both expertise and for political reasons Cabinet Secretaries are confirmed by the Senate

Bureaucracy Cabinet Cabinet Departments Each department manages specific policy areas & has its own budget & staff Each department is organized a little differently Each department has agencies within it that function much like regulatory agencies They serve as the policy specialists for the president

Department of Education Bureaucracy Cabinet Cabinet Departments State Department Department of Defense Department of Justice Department of Education

Government Corporations Federal Bureaucracy

Bureaucracy Govt. Corporations Government Corporations They are line agencies – they have goals that are separate from the president Provide services to citizens just like a private business would They have their own revenue streams other than just taxes – people pay for the services they provide There are in many cases businesses that would not survive without government subsidies

Bureaucracy Govt. Corporations Government Corporations They often charge less for their services than a customer would pay in the private sector In some instances, the government will take over a “sick industry” if it may be headed toward failure but provides a necessary service People typically have negative attitudes toward these – because they assume a business would do the job better

Bureaucracy Govt. Corporations Government Corporations US Postal Service Amtrak Tennessee Valley Authority

Independent Executive Agencies Federal Bureaucracy

Independent Executive Agencies Bureaucracy Executive Agencies Independent Executive Agencies All the agencies that don’t fit the other categories fall under the umbrella of “Independent Executive Agencies” There handle all kinds of random, but necessary jobs for the government

Bureaucracy Executive Agencies Independent Executive Agencies NASA General Services Administration Office of Personnel Management

Bigly Ideas Beliefs & Behaviors

Government Corporations Bureaucracy Wrap Up Staff & Line Agencies Regulatory Agencies Cabinet Government Corporations Focus on these things: