BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, Church and State

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BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 600 - 1200 Church and State Emperors established Christianity as official religion Continuation of Roman Imperial rule and tradition (imperial law) Persons / Things (Property)/ Actions Emperor was appointed patriarch; would regularly intervene in doctrinal disputes within the empire

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 600 - 1200 Church and State (cont) Byzantines were basically united, but faced threats from outside: Goths and Huns from North (easiest) Sasanids from east (harassed for almost 300 years) Muslim Arabs seized Syria, Egypt and Tunisia…losses permanently reduce power of empire

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 600 - 1200 Church and State (cont) Experienced declining relations with the popes and princes of western Europe Formal schism occurs in 1054: West – Latin Church, with Pope at head of church East – Orthodox Church, run with Caesaropapism (emperor decides on issues of faith and church)

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 600 - 1200 Society and Urban Life Experienced a decline of urbanism: Territorial losses to Arabs Bubonic Plague (Curse of Justinian) Urban Elite disappear: Aristocrats and rural landowners become more powerful

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 600 - 1200 Economy: Emperors intervene in the economy: Set prices Control provision of grain Monopolize trade Result – slowed technological development and economic innovations…

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 600 - 1200 Women’s Roles within the Byzantine Empire: Confined to Houses Wore veils (influence on Islam?) Did have a short period (1028-1056) where Women ruled alongside their husbands => Contempt of West (Barbarians) and East (Crumbling Empire)

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA BYZANTINE EMPIRE, 600 - 1200 Culture: Legal heritage – Roman laws become basis for western civil law Use of the dome in architecture (Hagia Sophia) Opens interior space… Religious Art and Music (chanting) Did missionary work (Moravia)…wrote in the Cyrillic script

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA KIEVAN RUSSIA, 900 - 1200 Geography: Exists between Black and Caspian Seas (South) and Baltic and White Seas (North) Cultural groups reflect different geographical areas: Slavs (east) Finns (north) Turkic (south) Trade networks (river systems) fostered interactions between groups

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA KIEVAN RUSSIA, 900 - 1200 Rise of Kievan State: The Rus were Slavic; ruled by Varangian nobles, with important centers as Kiev and Novgorod (trade centers) Vladimir I (980) becomes grand prince of Kiev, adopting Orthodox practices: Imitate Byzantines: Church Building, Cyrillic Alphabet, trade network focal points.

BYZANTIUM & RUSSIA KIEVAN RUSSIA, 900 - 1200 Society and Culture: Manorial agricultural system (feudalism) never takes root…trade foundations Cities had much smaller populations, centers for craftspeople and artisans Christianity spreads slowly Paganism/polygamy persist until 12th century Christian Church becomes powerful…clergy becomes tax collectors for the state