Have you ever had a “fight” with yourself about something? Talk through the argument and the different thoughts you had…

Freud

Sigmund Freud / Background University of Vienna Studied medicine Studied under Dr. Breuer (Neurologist) - case of Anna O Focused on hysteria Water incident “talking cure” Developed a private practice in Vienna Focus unconscious mind and sexual and aggressive impulses/conflicts Studied own dreams Professor of Neuropathy at Vienna – many critics and many followers (painful experience, figure out through hypnosis) When Breuer developed the cathartic method to treat Anna O., he initiated several radical changes. First, he shifted the focus of therapy from suggestion by the therapist to self-discovery by the patient. Second, he expanded the scope of therapy from a narrow focus on treating symptoms to considering all aspects of the patient’s life and personality, thereby founding psychotherapy as a distinct discipline in its own right. Finally, he was the first person to treat mental illness through the long-term exploration of unconscious conflicts, and invented the talking cure, the treatment approach central to all forms of psychotherapy. While conventional wisdom assigns Freud credit for these achievements, the fact is they were all present in Breuer's treatment of Anna O. before his collaboration with Freud began. The ideas emerging from that case so fascinated Freud that he devoted the rest of his career to developing them, in the form of psychoanalysis. The two men co-authored Studies on Hysteria, published in 1895, which is considered the founding text of psychoanalysis.  Breuer’s patient between 1880-1882, many fears, hysteria; afraid of water; had dream about drinking dog’s water bowl; okay drank water; cathartic; drain the infection Anna became obsessed with Breuer – had an imaginary pregnancy (sex root of issues)

Personality Development In infancy develop the ID Pleasure principle; focused on needs and wants After age 1 start to develop the EGO Reality; consciousness Ego struggles to keep ID happy Around age 7 start to develop SUPER EGO Two parts of SUPER EGO: Conscience which internalizes rewards/punishments Ego Ideal which creates a model for living based on society and parents Pride, shame, guilt social NOT biological Pride, shame, guilt

Coping with our Personality Conflict between Id, Ego and Super Ego leads to: Moral anxiety – from social standards Neurosis - from ID desires

Creation of Defense Mechanisms Defense Mechanisms enable us to “cope” with our anxiety and neurosis

Acting out: not coping - giving in to the pressure to misbehave. Aim inhibition: lowering sights to what seems more achievable. Altruism: Helping others to help self. Attack: trying to beat down that which is threatening you. Avoidance: mentally or physically avoiding something that causes distress. Compartmentalization: separating conflicting thoughts into separated compartments. Compensation: making up for a weakness in one area by gain strength in another. Conversion: subconscious conversion of stress into physical symptoms. Denial: refusing to acknowledge that an event has occurred. Dissociation: separating oneself from parts of your life. Emotionality: Outbursts and extreme emotion. Fantasy: escaping reality into a world of possibility. Help-rejecting complaining: Ask for help then reject it. Idealization: playing up the good points and ignoring limitations of things desired. Identification: copying others to take on their characteristics. Intellectualization: avoiding emotion by focusing on facts and logic. Introjection: Bringing things from the outer world into the inner world. Passive aggression: avoiding refusal by passive avoidance. Performing rituals: Patterns that delay. Provocation: Get others to act so you can retaliate. Self-harming: physically damaging the body. Somatization: psychological problems turned into physical symptoms. Substitution: Replacing one thing with another. Suppression: consciously holding back unwanted urges. Symbolization: turning unwanted thoughts into metaphoric symbols. Trivializing: Making small what is really something big. Undoing: actions that psychologically 'undo' wrongdoings for the wrongdoer.

Stages & Personality Sex drive always Freud’s focus (Anna O) Anything physical Different parts of our lives we focus on pleasure from different areas 5 stages from infancy to adolescents / struggles Difficult task in each stage Example, oral stage: birth to 18 months Weaning off bottle, issues lead to “fixation” Oral passive – smoking, eating, drinking Oral aggressive – bite pencils, gum, people – aggressive

Oedipus Crisis/Conflict Phallic stage (5-6) Son has affection for mother (wants physical attention) Competition with dad for mom’s attention Starts see difference between boys and girls Becomes like dad / a man