L IGHTING B ASED E NERGY E FFICIENCY U PGRADES - L ESSONS L EARNED Christopher Richard, PhD, P.E., CxA Smart Building Systems, Inc. April 17, 2013

Outline Project Overview Proposed Solutions Accepted Solutions Issues Encountered /Lessons Learned Conclusion 2

Project Overview ARRA-funded lighting replacement and controls upgrade for GSA Project dates: January 2010 through August 2012 Building size: Eight federal courthouses & office buildings in Alabama and Georgia, ~2.5 million ft 2 combined. Four designs taken to implementation 3

Diverse Building Characteristics Ages – historical(1932) to modern (2002) Sizes – 100,000 SF to over 1million SF – 5 floors to 25 floors Uses – call centers, courtrooms, private offices, large open offices, prisoner holding areas, etc. 4

Proposed Solutions Luminaire Replacements Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Relamping Delamping Controls – Local – Global – Daylight Harvesting 5

Luminaire Replacement Primary ECM: 3 lamp 32WT8 replaced with 2 lamp 28WT5 – Improved energy performance Parabolic luminaires replaced with volumetric luminaires – improved light distribution with no cave effect 6

Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Take advantage of human perception of brightness Use lamps with higher Color Temperature /CRI Lamps (e.g. 5000K 82 CRI vs more common 3500K 75CRI) more like natural daylight Use lower light intensity (Fc) Increased visual acuity 7

Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Lower light levels (fc) result in equal visual acuity and perceived brightness Lower light levels (fc) result in equal visual acuity and perceived brightness /news_detail.html?news_id= /news_detail.html?news_id=

Relamping and Delamping Relamping – Replace older technology lamps (e.g. incandescent) with newer, more efficient lamp types (e.g. CFL or LED), cost permitting Delamping – Remove lamps in over lit areas to comply with recent energy guidelines (AHRAE 90.1) – Replace 3 lamp luminaires with 2 lamp luminaires 9

Improved Controls Local – Occupancy and Vacancy Sensors Global – Building wide lighting controllers (multiple OFF sweeps per day based on time) Daylight Harvesting – Dimming or extinguishing lightings during times of abundant natural light 10

Accepted Solutions Luminaire Replacements Retrofits Spectrally Enhanced Lighting Relamping Delamping Controls – Local – Global Rezoning – Daylight Harvesting 11

Less costly than full luminaire replacements Structural parts of the original luminaire remain Kits still allow for conversion from parabolic to volumetric Kits still allow for 3 lamp to 2 lamp conversion Retrofit Kits 12

Rejection of SEL GSA disapproved SEL due to unproven nature of the approach GSA did approve conversion to consistent higher color temperature lamps (4100K vs 5000K for SEL and the original 3500K for most existing lamps) 13

Local Controls 14 DT Ceiling Mounted Sensor PIR Switch Sensor

Rezoning Goal is to reduce the number of lights energized for a single person or small group working in an area of the building outside of normal business hours. With flour globally controllable zones per floor, only a quarter of a floor 15

Zone Layout Existing wiring and cost restriction limited the project to two zones (vs proposed four) per floor. 16

I SSUES E NCOUNTERED AND L ESSONS L EARNED 17

Retrofit kits Kit Installation was an issues. Not all 2x4 recessed luminaires are created equal Historic building contained a large variety of luminaire styles and sizes Some sites had metric 2x4 (600mm x 1200mm) Had to resocket and reballast in some locations as kits would simply not fit. 18

Occupancy and Vacancy Sensors Sensor density (Cost vs. Coverage) Ceiling height (wall mounted vs ceiling mounted) High walled cubicles Added walls during remodel Doors, furniture and other obstructions White noise generator Sensor settings – Occupancy mode (auto on) or vacancy mode (manual ) – Dual Tech trigger setting (e.g. both to trigger on, either to hold on) – Time delay settings – Sensitivity 19

General Wiring – Renovations make existing circuits poor zone choices for control zones (local or global) – Wiring not up to code – No neutrals a switch location (cant use most dual technology sensors) 20

C ONCLUSIONS 21