Biology 4.3. Infection and Response. Start Content End List the types of pathogen and how they cause disease. Describe how diseases can be spread and how to reduce the spread of these infections. Describe how bacteria and viruses make us feel ill. Describe the symptoms and transmission of viral diseases such as Measles, HIV and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). Describe the symptoms and transmission of bacterial diseases such as Salmonella and Gonorrhoea. Describe the symptoms of transmission of fungal diseases (such as Rose Black Spot) and Protist diseases (such as Malaria). Suggest methods of preventing the transmission of the named diseases above. Describe the roles of human non-specific defence systems (eg. Skin, nose, trachea and stomach) in the protection of the human body against disease. Explain the role of the immune system in the defence against disease. Describe the ways in which white blood cells defend the body from disease. Explain the advantages of immunisation on an individual and a large scale. Explain in detail how vaccines work to protect us against diseases. Know what painkillers, antibiotics and other medicines are used for (including why we don’t use antibiotics to treat viral diseases). Understand that antibiotics such as peniciliin have greatly reduced the incidence of bacterial diseases. Explain antibiotic resistance and it’s consequences. Describe the origin of traditional drugs (eg. Digitalis from foxgloves, aspirin from willow, Penicillin from Penicillium mould) and compare this to modern methods of drug synthesis. Explain why and how drug trials are carried out on new medicines. Start Skills End Evaluate the global use of vaccination in the prevention of disease. Understand that results of testing and trials are published only after scrutiny by peer review.