Diallyl disulfide, a garlic-rich compound ameliorates trichloromethane-induced renal oxidative stress, NFkB activation and apoptosis in rats Oluwatobi.

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Diallyl disulfide, a garlic-rich compound ameliorates trichloromethane-induced renal oxidative stress, NFkB activation and apoptosis in rats Oluwatobi T. Somade, Adeyinka H. Adedokun, Idowu K. Adeleke, Muslimot A. Taiwo, Mulikat O. Oyeniran Clinical Nutrition Experimental Volume 23, Pages 44-59 (February 2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007 Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Effect of CHCl3 administration and DADS treatment on relative kidney weight. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 5). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Effects of DADS on CHCl3-induced NFkB activation. Representative photographs of immunohistochemical analysis of NFkB in kidney sections of (A) control, (B) cornoil, (C) CHCl3, (D) CHCl3 + DADS, (E) DADS. The black arrows point to NFkB positive cells. (F) Each bar represents mean ± SEM of three (3) rats per group. Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Effects of DADS on CHCl3-induced p53 expressions. Representative photographs of immunohistochemical analysis of p53 in kidney sections of (A) control, (B) cornoil, (C) CHCl3, (D) CHCl3 + DADS, (E) DADS. The black arrows point to p53 positive cells. (F) Each bar represents mean ± SEM of three (3) rats per group. Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Effects of DADS on CHCl3-induced renal cellular apoptosis. Representative photographs of TUNEL assay performed on kidney sections of (A) control, (B) cornoil, (C) CHCl3, (D) CHCl3 + DADS, (E) DADS. The black arrows point to the apoptotic cells (TUNEL-positive cells). (F) Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 3). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Effect of CHCl3 administration and DADS treatment on kidney MDA concentration. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 5). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Effect of CHCl3 administration and DADS treatment on kidney H2O2 concentration. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 5). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Effect of CHCl3 administration and DADS treatment on kidney NO concentration. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 5). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Effect of CHCl3 administration and DADS treatment on kidney GSH concentration. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 5). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Effect of CHCl3 administration and DADS treatment on kidney GPx activity. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 5). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 Effect of CHCl3 administration and DADS treatment on kidney CAT activity. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (n = 5). Bars labeled with different superscript are statistically significant (p < 0.05). CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 Effects of DADS on CHCl3-induced kidney histopathological alterations (100x). Control (A): No visible lesion, Corn oil (B): No visible lesion, CHCl3 (C): There is a severe interstitial congestion of the kidney especially at the renal cortex, CHCl3 + DADS (D): There are few foci of mild interstitial hemorrhage, DADS (E): No visible lesion. CHCl3 = trichloromethane; DADS = diallyl disulfide. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 44-59DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.007) Copyright © 2018 Terms and Conditions